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29 Nov 24. Royal Artillery gunners are retraining on the 105mm Light Gun to fill a capability gap in two close support regiments until the Rheinmetall RCH 155 wheeled artillery system is delivered later this decade. As Defence Eye reported earlier this month, the Royal Artillery has now handed over all its AS90 155mm self-propelled guns to the Ukrainians, which left a capability gap in 1 Deep Strike Recce Brigade. The brigade’s two close support gun regiments are assigned to work directly with the British Army’s two armoured brigades. (Source: Defence Eye)
29 Nov 24. Agreements signed: Rheinmetall and Lithuania begin construction of modern artillery ammunition production plant. Lithuania and Rheinmetall are beginning construction of a modern production plant for 155mm artillery ammunition. The necessary contracts, including a land lease agreement and a supply contract for the procurement of 155mm ammunition, were signed at a ceremony held on 29 November 2024. The Prime Minister of Lithuania, Ms Ingrida Šimonytė, the Lithuanian Minister for the Economy and Innovation, Ms Aušrinė Armonaite, and the Lithuanian Minister of National Defence, Mr Laurynas Kasčiūnas, attended the event.
With the start of construction in Baisogala, Lithuania is taking a further step towards strengthening its defence sector. A state-of-the-art production facility, including a shell manufacturing and load assembly pack, is being built in the municipality on an area of around 340 hectares. The facility will begin operations from mid-2026 and, once completed, will be able to produce tens of thousands of 155mm calibre artillery shells per year. 180 million euros are invested directly in Lithuania. Around 150 jobs will be created locally. Local companies and the local economy will be integrated into the value chain.
“From day one, the dialogue between the Lithuanian Government and Rheinmetall has been based on a mutual understanding of this project’s necessity and urgency. I am very pleased that today, this cooperation has enabled the beginning of construction of the artillery ammunition production plant. Our defence needs, the importance of the shortest possible supply chains, and strong allied partnership between Lithuania and Germany underscore the need to maintain the momentum as we continue to work in the same spirit of cooperation,” says Ingrida Šimonytė, Prime Minister of Lithuania.
“We at Rheinmetall are very grateful for the trust Lithuania has placed in us. It is and remains our aspiration at Rheinmetall to be one of the pillars of national and international security provision. This long-term partnership with Lithuania confirms this once again,” says Armin Papperger, CEO of Rheinmetall AG.
“In light of the growing security challenges, we must move beyond words and take concrete steps to strengthen our nation’s defence capabilities. By fostering large-scale investment projects and enabling local production of weaponry, we not only address national security needs but also reduce our dependence on arms procured from international markets. I have no doubt that Lithuania is moving in the right direction, and it is promising to see global leaders like Rheinmetall choosing to be part of this progress,” says Aušrinė Armonaitė, the Minister of the Economy and Innovation.
“The establishment of the German defense industry company Rheinmetall’s ammunition factory in Lithuania is not only significant in the context of the defense industry‘s development but will also address the needs of our armed forces. It was quite a complex process, but I am pleased and grateful to my colleagues that, through joint efforts, we managed to reach an agreement on this historic and important project for our national security,” notes Laurynas Kasčiūnas, the Minister of Defence.
As recently as June 2024, Rheinmetall and the Lithuanian Minister of Economy and Innovation Armonaite signed an agreement regulating the establishment of the German defence company Rheinmetall in Lithuania. The project was granted the status of ‘state significance’. As a result, the Lithuanian Centre of Excellence for Ammunition will benefit from special investment and business conditions to speed up the construction of the plant.
29 Nov 24. South Korea said on Friday it had completed development of a new ballistic missile interceptor, adding a further layer to defence systems deployed to protect against missile threats from neighbouring North Korea.
The move comes after the North designated South Korea a “hostile state” and no longer a partner in the goal of unification, breaking from decades of policy and dramatically escalating tension with hostile rhetoric throughout the year.
The Long-range Surface-to-Air Missile (LSAM) is designed to intercept incoming ballistic missiles or aircraft at altitudes higher than 40 km (25 miles) in the terminal phase of its descent, the defence ministry said.
Ten years in development, the L-SAM will become operational in the mid- to late 2020s after mass production begins in 2025, the ministry added in a statement.
“This is a cutting-edge weapon that intercepts enemy missiles at high altitudes to minimise damage on land, expanding our military’s missile defence capabilities to higher altitudes and wider areas,” it said.
(Source: Reuters)
26 Nov 24. BAE Systems sets up 155mm artillery factory in the UK, but why? The new 94,000 sq ft facility will specialise in artillery manufacturing to deliver the M777 155mm lightweight towed howitzer.
The return to the UK of industrial capacity to help restart production of M777 155mm lightweight towed howitzers is the latest step in a series of moves by the country’s defence sector to onshore manufacturing capabilities.
In mid-November, defence prime BAE Systems announced the establishment of a new UK-based artillery factory to produce the M777, a platform in common use in the US, Ukraine, and others, but not the British Army.
Although a UK headquartered company, BAE Systems has incorporated significant structures in the US to ensure access to its lucrative defence markets. This included production of the M777, which used to be produced from a BAE Systems facility near Barrow before subsequently closing down due to a decline in orders.
The company’s stated aim, to “deliver long-term artillery capabilities for the UK” does not appear to align to a prospective UK requirement for the M777, with the British Army not seeking towed 155mm artillery given its recent twin Archer (as interim) and RCH 155 (in service by 2029) acquisitions.
In addition, the current 105mm L118 light gun, which is towed, is not due to leave service until 2030 at the earliest.
The most obvious answer points towards a (re)onshoring of production of the M777 for export customers, such as Ukraine, mentioned above, which has received more than 200 155mm artillery howitzers from the United States.
A return to the White House of Donald Trump next year following his election victory could have an impact on the willingness of a new administration – with former Fox News host Pete Hegseth in as the new Secretary of Defence – in continuing the provision of military equipment to Ukraine.
The M777 move follows an August announcement that Perfect Bore Manufacturing would begin to produce 120mm mortar tubes for the defence sector, as the UK’s land industrial base begins to expand.
UK facility gives M777 155mm new lease of life
In more recent years, a renewed global interest in the M777’s capability has promoted to US Army to seek out ways to restart production of the platform.
As proven in the ongoing Ukraine-Russia war, which recently passed 1,000 days of combat since Russia’s February 2022 invasion, artillery and stand-off strike capabilities continue to dominate the battlefield.
In January 2024, BAE Systems signed an agreement with the US Army for M777 ‘major structures’ under an Undefinitised Contract Action, set to a $50m limit. The deal allows BAE Systems to start delivering on the programme while finalising contract details.
Speaking at the time, BAE Systems said it would “work with its supply chain in the UK and the US” to produce the “major M777 titanium structures”, which form the basis of the gun. The first of which are due to be delivered in 2025.
“This new contract creates the optimum conditions for a restart of M777 production in the UK and presents an opportunity to new and existing users to join a new M777 production initiative and take advantage of the benefits from a hot production line and economies of scale. The US, as well as Canada and Australia, has donated M777s to Ukraine,” BAE Systems stated.
More than 1,250 M777s are in service with ground forces in the US, Ukraine, the Americas, Australia, and India. (Source: army-technology.com)
25 Nov 24. New USMC sniper rifle is officially operational. The Corps chose the Mk22 Mod 0 Advanced Sniper Rifle, manufactured by Barrett Firearms, a company widely known for their groundbreaking work in developing the .50 caliber sniper rifle, as a changeable, multi-barrel rifle to replace two existing long rifles and give shooters three caliber options within their main shooting platform.
Those caliber options include the standard 7.62mm, the .300 Norma Magnum and .338 Norma Magnum. The caliber diversity allows shooters to select a munition for specific missions that might require more distance or more penetrating power. The rifle uses a 10-round magazine.
Marine Corps Systems Command in Quantico, Virginia, announced the milestone on Nov. 19, according to a release. The designation means that all Marine infantry and reconnaissance units, as well as associated schools, have been outfitted with the new rifle and received new equipment training on the system, officials said.
The bolt-action precision rifle, meanwhile, is one part of a system that includes a bipod, sound and muzzle flash suppressor, as well as a caliber agnostic 7×35 Precision Day Optic.
“Marines like the ability to conduct caliber conversions at their level, and the fact that they only have one rifle instead of the two it replaced,” said Kevin Marion, a logistics management specialist with Marine Corps Systems Command. “This shift improves operational efficiency, reduces the logistical burden on units and lightens the individual Marine’s load.”
The additional barrels and design of the rifle also allow for less maintenance time spent on weapons repairs, experts said in the release.
“[Replacing a barrel] was impossible with previous systems, where a condemned barrel would render the weapon unusable, directly affecting mission readiness,” said Brian Nelson, Mk22 project officer, Marine Corps Systems Command. “Now, the Mk22 ensures that even if a barrel fails, Marines are still mission ready.”
The rifle replaces both the Mk13 Mod 7 and the M40A6 sniper rifles currently in use. The Marine Corps noted in budget request documents at the inception of the program that they intended to purchase 250 Mk22 Mod 0 rifles.
The Army announced in 2021 that it would also replace its M107 sniper rifle and M2010 enhanced sniper rifle with the Mk22 Mod 0. At the time, the Army sought to purchase 2,800 Mk22 Mod 0 rifles by 2026.
The M40A6 is a heavily modified version of the original M40, which fires a 7.62mm round and was first fielded during the Vietnam War. The A6 model began fielding in 2016.
The Corps selected the legacy, Accuracy International/Remington Arms-manufactured Mk13 Mod 7 in 2018, chambered in .300 Winchester Magnum. U.S. Special Operations Command fielded an earlier variant.
The Mk22 traces its origins to a SOCOM program aimed at improving sniper rifle options for individual shooters. SOCOM officials first reported seeking a new precision sniper rifle in a late-2009 announcement. The command awarded the contract for the Mk22 Mod 0 in 2019.
The Mk22 weighs 15.2 pounds, according to the company website. The Mk13 Mod 7 and M40A6 weigh 11.4 pounds and 16.5 pounds, respectively. Both use a five-round magazine.
The Mk22′s effective firing range is 1,500 meters, while the effective firing ranges of the M40A6 and Mk13 Mod 7 are 800 meters and 1,300 meters, respectively. All three legacy rifles are bolt-action. (Source: Marine Times)
26 Nov 24. Norinco unveils SH16A 155 mm SPH. China North Industries Corporation (Norinco) displayed its new 155 mm/52 calibre SH16A self-propelled howitzer (SPH) at the recently concluded Airshow China 2024 exhibition in Zhuhai.
State-owned China Central Television (CCTV) reported that the 8×8 wheeled SH16A SPH is fitted with an unmanned turret gun with automated ammunition, charge loading, and laying systems. It is operated by a crew of three personnel.
According to footage published by CCTV, the SPH also features a smaller remote-controlled 30 mm turret gun.
According to Janes analysis, the SH16A is mounted on an upgraded version of Norinco’s ZBL-09 chassis.
The maximum range of the SPH is more than 50 km using rocket-assisted projectiles, Norinco said.
Citing Norinco, state-owned China Daily said that when loaded with shells, the SH16A weighs 39.6 tonnes and can travel at a speed of 110 km/h cross-country.
Norinco added that the gun can fire multiple types of munitions such as satellite and laser guided systems.
Citing Norinco spokesperson Cheng Ziheng, China Daily said, “[The SH16A] has an adjustable suspension system that allows for transport by aircraft, and also features better protection against land mines and improvised explosive devices. Its armour system is capable of withstanding armour-piercing gun rounds and even some anti-tank rockets from all directions.” (Source: Janes)
26 Nov 24. Ethiopia turns APC into self-propelled artillery. Making best use of available equipment appears to be the thinking behind modifications turning Ethiopian Federal Defence Forces (FDF) armoured personnel carriers (APCs) into self-propelled artillery pieces.
Janes reports that some Chinese WZ551 APCs in service with the East African country’s military now carry 122 mm D-30 howitzers. An FDF photo released on 7 August shows the artillery pieces fitted to five vehicles, allowing operation by gunners standing in the troop compartment with a shield providing limited frontal protection. It is unclear if the APCs have been fitted with adjustable stabilisers to prevent suspension damage by recoil, the publication reports. Ethiopia is believed to have about 20 WZ551s in service and at least 450 D-30 guns as well as two dozen M-46 130 mm towed guns. It has apparently mounted D-30 guns on T-55 tank chassis in previous efforts to create self-propelled artillery, although this cannot be confirmed. Recent photographs also appear to show a howitzer mounted on a military truck. Ethiopia is apparently also working on a rapidly deployable 120 mm mortar as seen in a photograph released by the FDF in August. Fitted on the load bed of a pickup truck, it appears to be a standard 2B11-pattern mortar with base plate attached to a pneumatic system to lower it from the vehicle bed to the ground so it can be fired, Janes reported. The FDF released the modified APC photograph during a visit by senior officers to the Ethiopian Defence University in Bishoftu, which it said is working on upgrading weapons. Another photo showed 122 mm BM21 multiple rocket launcher systems fitted onto six Toyota Land Cruisers. The vehicles were fitted with four stabilisers to keep them steady when firing. Ethiopia previously acquired multiple truck-mounted BM21 systems. Ethiopia has been acquiring significant quantities of military hardware in recent years, with the most recent documented arrival being dozens of Calidus MCAV-20 vehicles from the United Arab Emirates (UAE) last month. According to the Stockholm International Peace Research Institute’s (SIPRI’s) Arms Transfers database, in recent years Ethiopia acquired five Despot armoured vehicles from Bosnia-Herzegovina in 2022, 32 SH-5 155 mm self-propelled guns from China in 2022, four Bayraktar TB-2 unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) from Turkey in 2021, and two Wing Loong-1 UAVs that same year. China also delivered ten Type-89 APCs in 2013; four PHL-03 300 mm self-propelled multiple rocket launchers (MRLs) in 2019, and ten BP-12A surface-to-surface missile systems in 2020. In January this year, the Ethiopian Air Force revealed it had received Bayraktar Akinci UAVs from Turkey and second hand Sukhoi Su-30K combat jets from Russia. (Source: https://www.defenceweb.co.za/)
25 Nov 24. Canadian DRDC and Australia’s DSTG to research missile threat defence. The collaboration is to develop next-detection, monitoring, targeting and counter-measure technologies. Defence Research and Development Canada (DRDC) and Australia’s Defence Science and Technology Group (DSTG) have agreed to jointly research emerging missile threat defence. Their integrated air and missile defence research and development will enhance security and stability in the Indo-Pacific region and beyond.
The two organisations will work together to understand emerging missile threats. Their partnership will leverage expertise, experience and unique facilities from both countries. The collaboration aims to develop technologies for detection, monitoring, targeting and countermeasures.
Both Canada and Australia will contribute C$237m ($169.62m) and A$237m ($154.12m), respectively up to 2029. This includes cash and in-kind contributions. The initiative aligns with Canada’s renewed defence policy, called Our North, Strong and Free, and Australia’s National Defence Strategy, agreed in April 2024. Defence against hypersonic weapons is a priority under Canada’s NORAD [North American Aerospace Defense Command] modernisation plan. Australia has also identified missile defence as a capability investment priority in its integrated investment programme. The joint research follows after the two countries strengthened their bilateral defence relationship in August 2024. Both agreed to improve the interoperability of their armed forces and will seek opportunities to reduce obstacles to collaboration, including establishing agreements to promote defence and industrial activities and enhance operational cooperation. A joint statement by National Defence of Canada Minister Bill Blair and Australia Defence Minister and Deputy Prime Minister Richard Marles read: “Canada and Australia enjoy a partnership based on shared history, values and friendship.
“We have a long history of working together on defence science and technology, including through Five Eyes Science and Technology, under the auspices of the Technical Co-operation Programme, since 1965.”
In 2023, Lockheed Martin was awarded a $106m modification contract to support Phase Two upgrades of the Australia Canada United Kingdom Reprogramming Laboratory for the F-35 joint strike fighter programme. (Source: airforce-technology.com)
25 Nov 24. BAE Systems set to resume M777 howitzer production at new Sheffield facility. BAE Systems is building a new artillery development and production facility in Sheffield in the UK. The 94,000 sq ft (8,730 sq m) facility will produce 155 mm M777 lightweight towed howitzers and support the British government’s effort to revitalise its artillery capability, according to a BAE Systems statement on 15 November. The facility will bring production of the howitzer back to the UK after it was wound down due to a lack of demand, John Borton, vice-president and general manager for BAE Systems Weapon Systems UK, told Janes on 22 November. The production facility in Barrow-in-Furness was shut down, but engineering and support personnel for the Weapon Systems UK business remained, he continued.
It is being funded with investments of more than GBP25m (USD31.5m), according to the BAE Systems statement. This includes funding from BAE Systems and the US Army, Borton told Janes. The impetus for the Sheffield facility is an undefinitised contract action (UCA), worth up to USD50m, signed with the US Army in January 2024 for major structures for the M777. The contract action enables BAE Systems to start work while the full contract is finalised. The site is expected to become operational in 2025, the statement said.
“You’ll get that back into production in support of the conflict in Ukraine, to support the armed forces,” Borton said. That contract meant that BAE Systems had to re-establish that production capability for “three major structures, which basically form the core of the chassis of the gun”, he explained. Previously, two structures were built by BAE Systems in Barrow-in-Furness and the third in the US supply chain, Borton noted. (Source: Janes)
26 Nov 24. Loitering munition deployed in EUCOM. Loitering munitions are emerging as an alternative means of achieving anti-armour effects with options including AeroVironment’s Switchblade 600, which features the Javelin warhead. (Aerovironment)
As the US closely monitors the ongoing conflict in Ukraine, US Army’s Low Altitude Stalking and Strike Ordnance (LASSO) has been deployed with one of the army’s transformation in contact (TIC) units in European Command (EUCOM) area of responsibility, Janes has learnt.
The service’s 10th Mountain Division has been experimenting with new capabilities alongside two other TIC formations for more than a year. While division headquarters is still in the continental US (CONUS) executing exercises like ‘Summit Strike ’24’ in Fort Drum, New York, 3rd Brigade was deployed to Romania in June 2024.
LASSO has been fielded with that formation, Lieutenant Colonel Aaron Childers, 10th Mountain Division’s G-3 Operations officer, told Janes on 21 November. The capability is one of several army efforts designed to move unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) capability down to lower echelon.
While some loitering munitions are anti-personnel, LASSO is intended to take out armoured platform, meaning the attack UAVs will be on the larger side.
US Special Operations Command (USSOCOM) bought Hero 120 loitering munitions in June 2024, according to a company announcement. During ‘Summit Strike ‘24′, participating USSOCOM units brought the weapons to Fort Drum, Lt Col Childers said in an interview.
The munitions were one of the several offensive effects used to prosecute electronic warfare targets. “During the exercise, our electronic warfare personnel sensed an emitter that we had built and placed out in the impact area, and then pass that target all the way forward to the team that was able to launch the loitering munition, identify the target, and destroy it,” he explained. (Source: Janes)
22 Nov 24. Belarus strengthens air defense with upgraded Tor-M2E missile systems from Russia. On November 21, 2024, the Belarussian Ministry of Defense Belarus announced that the country received another battery of Tor-M2E surface-to-air missile systems from Russia. The systems, delivered by rail, were modified by Russian designers based on operational experience, following lessons learned during recent military operations against Ukraine, including adjustments for countering small-sized aircraft. The new battery will be deployed to provide air defense coverage for Minsk and is expected to assume combat duty shortly.
Major General Andrei Lukyanovich, Commander of the Air Force and Air Defense Forces, highlighted that the systems have been adapted to counter small-sized aircraft and other threats based on their operational use. Colonel Andrei Severinchik, Chief of the Anti-Aircraft Missile Troops Directorate, noted that the systems feature short reaction times, high mobility, and the capability to target a wide range of aerial threats. He described the delivery as an example of military-technical cooperation between Belarus and Russia to strengthen the unified regional air defense system.
This delivery is part of broader defense cooperation between the two countries, which includes joint training and exercises. Russian forces have also trained Belarusian personnel in the use of the Iskander-M short-range ballistic missile system, which is reportedly capable of carrying tactical nuclear payloads. Belarus has emphasized its alignment with Russia in regional security matters, including its role in the Collective Security Treaty Organization (CSTO).
Belarus has been acquiring Tor systems since 2010, with the most recent deliveries expanding its inventory to 21 Tor-M2E units as of 2023. These systems are equipped with 16 9M338K missiles, which feature increased accuracy, a wider engagement range, and reduced size and weight compared to earlier versions. The missiles are designed to operate in environments with electronic countermeasures and to defend against massed aerial attacks.
The Tor-M2E systems are integrated into Belarus’s air defense network, which also includes S-400 and Buk medium- to long-range systems, as well as older Osa and Strela platforms for short-range and point defense. The Air Force and Air Defense Forces, consisting of approximately 10,700 personnel, operate under a structure designed to coordinate with Russian forces. Belarus and Russia follow a joint defense strategy formalized in the Military Doctrine of the Union State, revised in 2021.
The Tor-M2E system is designed to provide short-range air defense for critical installations. It is capable of engaging up to 16 targets simultaneously from any direction, including objects traveling at speeds of up to 730 meters per second. The system operates effectively at ranges of up to 12 kilometers and altitudes of up to 10 kilometers, under any weather conditions and at any time of day. Key features include high mobility, short reaction times, and automated combat functionality.
The systems are expected to enhance Belarus’s air defense capabilities, particularly for the protection of the capital, Minsk. They contribute to the country’s broader defense objectives, which include adapting to modern threats and maintaining territorial security. Belarus’s defense industry focuses on manufacturing vehicles, guided weapons, and electronic warfare systems but relies on Russian technology for advanced air defense systems such as the Tor-M2E. (Source: Google/https://armyrecognition.com/)
22 Nov 24. Russian ICBM is an experimental IRBM, US states. Debate has ensued over the nature of the new Russian missile used against Ukraine: an ICBM or an IRBM?. However, a US official revealed to Army Technology that the unidentified missile was actually an Intermediate Range Ballistic Missile (IRBM). It is believed that the weapon was launched from the Astrakhan region in the south of the Russian Federation. The US government spokesperson added that Russia likely possesses only a handful of these experimental missiles.
Ukraine has withstood countless attacks from Russia, including from missiles with significantly larger warheads than this weapon. The official added that the US had briefed Ukraine and close allies/partners in recent days about Russia’s possible use of this weapon to help them to prepare.
This new weapon, they assured this reporter, does not represent a game-changer in this conflict.
At present, there are no precise, public details about the new missile and the use of the weapon requires further analysis. An investigation is currently ongoing according to Ukraine’s Ministry of Defence (MoD).
In a post on the social media platform X, the MoD suggested that the weapon is “a new Russian missile” and that “all its characteristics – speed, altitude – align with those of an ICBM.”
A new Russian IRBM
“There’s debate as to the nature of the missile (ICBM or IRBM),” GlobalData defence analyst Tristan Sauer noted, “but the political objective is, in my opinion, much clearer.
“The use of a weapon with Multiple Independent Re-entry vehicle (MIRV) capabilities, usually reserved for weapons with nuclear payloads, is aimed at generating debates over Russia’s potential use of tactical nuclear weapons in Ukraine.”
“This follows on from Putin signing a new nuclear doctrine earlier in the week, more of Putin’s sabre rattling to rattle the minds of the incoming US administration and further undermine Ukrainian morale before [president-elect Donald] Trump takes office.”
An ICBM is defined by convention as a ballistic missile which has a range in excess of 5,500km. IRBMs, meanwhile, generally have ranges of between 3,000km and 5,500km and are above medium-range ballistic missiles, and short-range ballistic missiles (like ATACMS or the Iskander missiles).
Furthermore, Russia’s use of an IRBM may also indicate the effectiveness of the US decision to lift restrictions on long-range weapons inside Russia.
According to the Institute for the Study of War, on the night of 19-20 November, Ukraine conducted a successful combined strike against military assets in the Russian rear using drones and Western-provided long-range weapons.
Ukraine’s increased strikes, which reach ever deeper inside Russian territory, may lead Russian forces to start striking Ukraine from much further away.
Escalation
If Ukrainian reports are indeed true, then this would constitute an escalatory move as the first time an ICBM has been used in the conflict, and in a wider tit-for-tat exchange between the nuclear powers in the West, notably the US, and Russia.
Russian president Vladimir Putin has increasingly resorted to nuclear diplomacy as a way to prevent the West from providing Ukraine with any strategic advantage on the battlefield.
Recently, the US president Joe Biden approved Ukraine’s use of American-manufactured long-range weapons, such as the Army Tactical Missile System (ATACMS), inside Russia in response to the mobilisation of several thousand North Korean troops in the Kursk region, where Ukrainian troops are holding on to what little Russian territory they can ahead of any future negotiations.
A proliferated use of long-range capabilities inside Russia has been requested in the last several months, and although it comes late in the conflict, it will help Ukraine deprive the Russians of critical war potential – ammunition depots, airstrips – it has in its own territory.
(Source: army-technology.com)
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