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27 Mar 25. Upgraded Taiwanese M60A3 MBTs emerge. Several examples of upgraded Republic of China Army (RoCA) M60A3 main battle tanks were sighted at a training facility earlier in March, open-source imagery circulated on social media channels have revealed. The most obvious enhancements were the redesigned turret with shaped armour plates as well as a remote weapon station (RWS) of apparent indigenous manufacture. No official announcements have yet been made. However, army officials were quoted by local media saying that the state-run National Chung-Shan Institute of Science and Technology (NCSIST) has been engaged to develop new sighting systems for the service’s M60A3 fleet. NCSIST is also currently leading an effort to upgrade an initial batch of 40 M60A3 MBTs, which will receive enhancements to their main gun, ballistic fire control computer and sighting systems, centering on the replacement of the original 105 mm M68 rifled gun with a 120 mm smoothbore cannon as well as upgrades to the turret’s hydraulic system for the turret and associated electrical systems. The initial effort will determine whether the remainder of the RoCA’s M60A3 fleet – understood to comprise a total of 460 ex-US Army surplus tanks – will be upgraded. The type was originally acquired from 1995 through 2000 and are outmatched by modern tanks. Upgraded tanks are expected to be redelivered in batches by October 2025. Taiwan has also contracted Renk America – which was formerly the Combat Propulsion Systems division of L3Harris Technologies before its acquisition by Renk Group in 2021 – to supply an unspecified number of AVDS-1790 diesel engines to upgrade the M60A3 MBTs at a cost of around US$241m. The company announced in August 2024 that the first engine was completed. The RoCA also operates a large fleet of CM-11 Brave Tiger (hybrid M60 MBT with M48 turrets) as well as CM-12 (updated M48A3 MBT) platforms. However, the tank force received a welcome boost in firepower with its first batch of 38 General Dynamics M1A2T Abrams MBTs in December 2024. The M1A2T is a customised M1A2 SEPv2 variant, and these are the first new tanks Taiwan has received in nearly a quarter of a century. Forty-two M1A2T MBTs are expected to be delivered in 2025, and the final 28 in 2026, according to Taiwan’s Ministry of National Defense (MND). (Source: AMR)
03 Apr 25. Ashok Leyland to deliver mobility vehicles to Indian Armed Forces. Indian vehicle manufacturer Ashok Leyland has signed contracts worth more than INR7bn (USD81.7m) with the Indian government to deliver land mobility vehicles to the Indian Armed Forces. An announcement made by Ashok Leyland on 28 March said that the vehicles will be used for transporting troops, logistics, and “specialised mobility requirements” associated with the country’s close-in weapon systems (CIWS) programme. However, no information about the CIWS programme or its requirements were provided in the announcement. In its statement, Ashok Leyland said that several variants of mobility vehicles have been procured as a part of the contract including the company’s Stallion 4×4, Stallion 6×6, short chassis bus 4×2, and mobility system travelling platform. The company did not elaborate about the details of the mobility system travelling platform.
“These vehicles combine superior reliability with exceptional off-road capability, ensuring seamless manoeuvrability across country’s most demanding terrains, meeting a variety of operational requirements,” Ashok Leyland said.
According to company data, the Stallion 4×4 vehicle has a length of 8,000 mm, a width of 2,500 mm, and a height of 3,050 mm. It is powered by a 180 hp engine and can carry a payload of 5,000 kg. The Stallion 6×6 has a length of 8,285 mm, a width of 2,500 mm, and a height of 3,150 mm. The vehicle is powered by a 220 hp engine and can carry a payload of 7,000 kg. (Source: Janes)
02 Apr 25. British Army’s Challenger 3 programme “impacted” by delays. The admission of that supply chain issues are having an impact on Challenger 3 is worrying, with the budget having significantly increased since 2021. The British Army’s Challenger 3 programme, planned to deliver 148 upgraded Challenger 2 main battle tanks (MBT) into service, has been hit by unspecified delays in the supply chain, the UK government admitted. As the lead element of the British Army’s future armoured Brigade Combat Teams (BCT), the Challenger 3 is a critical element to the effort to increase lethality in the UK military. However, a UK parliamentary written response from UK Defence Procurement Minister Maria Eagle stated on 1 April that Challenger 3 had been “impacted” by “some delays” in the supply chain and gave no commitment that the current initial operating capability (IOC) deadline of 2027 would be met. It is not known at what end of the supply chain is causing the impact to Challenger 3, with systems and subsystems being acquired from a range of European and Israeli suppliers.
“Additional resources have been directed towards resolving these issues and the next phase of trials will start in Quarter 2 2025. Progress will be monitored carefully and any impact on the delivery of initial operating capability will be continually assessed,” Eagle said.
IOC is defined as a single squadron of Challenger 3 MBTs with trained crews.
In addition, the UK government also disclosed on 1 April that the Approved Budgetary Level for Challenger 3 remained at £1.9bn ($2.4bn), inclusive of the contract with Rheinmetall BAE Systems Land (RBSL), the joint venture tasked with delivering the MBTs. This figure is a significant increase from the £1.3bn budgeted in 2021. Should the programme run to its maximum £1.9bn budget, the planned 149 Challenger 3 MBTs would be produced at a cost of £12.8m per vehicle. While cheaper than buying an equivalent number of Leopard 2A8 MBTs from Rheinmetall, it is also a developmental dead end, with the UK not currently planning on a new tank design post-Challenger 3. It is likely that the UK will seek to join a European programme, such as the MGCS, or any replacement of the US Army’s M1 Abrams.
Challenger 3: the history and the future
Initiated in April 2021 by then Secretary of State for Defence Ben Wallace, the Challenger 3 programme is intended to introduce a fourth generation MBT into the British Army, integrated new technologies into the existing Challenger 2 hull, including a new turret and Rheinmetall’s L55A1 120mm smoothbore main gun. Additional features include new sensors, the installation of Rafael’s Trophy active protection system, and updated composite armour. A total of 148 of the British Army’s approximate 200 Challenger 2 MBTs are due to be upgraded, with early prototypes having undergone firing trials in Germany in May 2024. By the time the programme reaches IOC, currently scheduled to be met in 2027, the average age of the vehicles on which the upgrade will be based will be around 27 years old, with the Challenger 3 MBTs expected to serve until 2040, when the base platforms will be well over 40 years old. Full operating capability is not expected to be achieved until 2030 at the earliest. (Source: army-technology.com)
03 Apr 25. Challenger 3 able to match any threat, including Russian Armata, insists minister. Challenger 3 will be able to take on any potential enemy, including Russia’s newest main battle tank, the T-14 Armata, Defence Procurement Minister Maria Eagle has insisted. She was responding to a question from Conservative MP Mark Francois, who asked what steps the MOD was taking to help ensure the Army’s new tank remains competitive against the Armata and other emerging threats. Mr Francois also asked what plans were in place to upgrade the firepower and protection systems of the Challenger 3 beyond its existing specifications by 2030.
Ms Eagle replied: “We are confident that Challenger 3 will continue to match potential threats throughout its lifecycle. But we will continually review the performance of its specification to ensure that it remains world-leading.”
She pointed out how the Challenger 3 main battle tank would deliver a significant improvement in capability over its predecessor, the Challenger 2.
The Challenger 2 has proven to be a capable vehicle, this one serving with the Ukrainians, but the new model will offer a raft of improvements
Ms Eagle added: “Enhancements include a digitalised turret fitted with the latest 120mm smoothbore gun paired with the most lethal ammunition available, world-class UK-designed armour and an Active Protection System and improved automotive performance. New advanced sighting systems, sensors and processing capabilities will improve situational awareness and interoperability with other units.”
The Challenger 3 is being developed by Rheinmetall BAE Systems Land, a joint venture between UK-based BAE Systems and Germany-based Rheinmetall. The Challenger 3, along with the Ajax and Boxer, will be at the heart of the Army’s warfighting capability in its Heavy Brigade Combat Teams. It has a crew of four, the 120mm smoothbore gun that Ms Eagle mentioned, and it weighs 66 tonnes. All 148 Challenger 3s are planned to be in service by the end of 2030. However, Ms Eagle did reveal that the programme had been affected by some delays within the supply chain.
“Additional resources have been directed towards resolving these issues and the next phase of trials will start in Quarter 2 2025,” she said. “Progress will be monitored carefully and any impact on the delivery of Initial Operating Capability will be continually assessed.”
Russia’s T-14 Armata appeared in prototype form back in 2014 and entered production in 2021. Unlike the Challenger 3, it has an uncrewed turret, reducing the crew to three. Its 125mm main gun is also smoothbore and is capable of firing conventional ammunition as well as anti-tank guided missiles. Despite the apparent potency of the vehicle, the T-14 Armata is believed to have had only limited use in Ukraine, possibly being kept away from the frontline to avoid capture. (Source: forces.net)
02 Apr 25. The military snowmobile lineup from Polaris Government and Defense takes arctic mobility to the next level with the introduction of the 2026 Military 850 TITAN 155. Powered by the 850 Patriot engine, this option provides commonality with the Military 850 RMK 155 as well as more than 25 percent more torque and power than the 650 TITAN for applications that need it, as well as responsive performance and increased acceleration. Warfighters worldwide rely on Polaris Government and Defense to provide off-road, light tactical vehicles for the most austere conditions. Polaris militarized snowmobiles, or over-snow reconnaissance vehicles (OSRVs), are a critical component of the off-road arsenal for winter warfare. And the all-new 850 TITAN builds on Polaris’ legacy of delivering unmatched durability and mobility in extreme winter conditions.
“Arctic mobility is demanding, and no one knows this terrain better than Polaris, having produced snowmobiles for more than 70 years, and driving innovation in these capable platforms ever since,” said Nick Francis, vice president, Polaris Government and Defense. “Polaris military snowmobiles and tactical vehicles allow operators to move further and faster in critical arctic and mountainous snow-covered environments and execute critical missions with confidence and efficiency.”
The 2026 Military 850 TITAN 155 and 2026 Military 850 RMK 155
The 850 Patriot engine serves as the proven foundation for durability, toughness and control for the entire Patriot family of engines. The all-new Military 850 TITAN is a workhorse capable of managing heavy-duty winter tasks on- or off-trail, with the engine providing more than 25 percent more torque and power than the 650 TITAN for rapid acceleration, improved towing capabilities and reliable performance in sub-zero conditions. The two-person utility snowmobile is designed to handle heavy payloads and is equipped with a reinforced cargo system to accommodate a passenger plus another 125 lbs of added cargo, as well as a hitch to tow a sled and an additional 1200 lbs of mission-critical supplies. An optional winch provides 1500 lbs of capacity for vehicle recovery or to move obstacles. Featuring the patented BackTrak20 rear suspension, high-clearance independent front suspension, 20” wide Cobra track and Trailbreaker skis, the TITAN provides flotation and performance in varying snow conditions and can climb on top of snow better than any previous model – in forward or reverse. The TITAN also has an articulating rail, allowing the extra-long track to hinge upwards at the back, and a removeable rear snowflap for even greater mobility backing up. The transmission has high and low gearing for controlled power distribution and added initial engine torque for heavy loads. A cooling system with a radiator keeps the TITAN’s engine temp optimized during slow speed operation, while towing heavy loads and in marginal snow conditions for more reliable operation and dependability. New accessories also include a large, 30-gallon capacity utility box to contain and protect equipment.
The military snowmobile lineup from Polaris also includes the 2026 Military 850 RMK 155, which is a nimble, lightweight snowmobile engineered for unmatched precision in technical terrain for patrol and reconnaissance. The extended track and tapered tunnel increase the snowmobile’s performance in deep snow while a full-length cooler provides better cooling and greater reliability in marginal snow conditions. High elevation clutch calibration provides optimal operation at increased altitudes for this model, while Walker Evans Racing Velocity shocks provide adjustability for varying rider and kit weight and size for greater control and precise handling.
Polaris Government and Defense provides key modifications to its military snowmobiles, based on operator feedback and mission profiles:
* Blackout Mode – a single switch instantly turns off all lights for discreet operation
* IR Light – infrared lighting provides visibility to operators while in blackout mode
* White Body Panels – additional white on military snowmobiles provides camouflage
* 12V outlets – power or charge hand-held electronics and other mission essentials
* Power Boosting Regulator – automatically provides maximum electrical power at idle and low RPMs to support the 12V outlet as well as any added accessories
* Handlebar with Mountain Hoop – the added hoop provides better operator ride angle and control
Operations in snowy, Arctic conditions demand reliability, agility and stealth. Polaris military snowmobiles are built with that in mind: durable two-stroke engines and electric start ensure dependable operation, even in extreme cold, while a manual pull-start provides backup when needed. To increase stealth, these two military snowmobiles are designed to blend in to snowy, arctic environmental conditions. A keyless ignition also comes standard on military models to simplify fleet operation and provide quick deployment in demanding environments. Military snowmobiles from Polaris Government and Defense are delivered mission-ready to military customers with confidence that all modifications have been validated by Polaris engineers. The dedicated team delivers training courses to maximize operator effectiveness and ability for these specialty platforms. Polaris Government and Defense also provides arctic mobility through its MRZR Alpha light tactical all-terrain vehicle. The MRZR Alpha transitions to cold-weather environments and terrain with the addition of an Arctic Mobility Kit. A fully enclosed cab helps protect occupants from weather conditions and environmental elements while a track conversion kit replaces each wheel with a separate track assembly providing off-road, all-terrain maneuver capability over snow, soft soil and mixed terrain. The full cab and tracks expand the environments the MRZR Alpha can operate in and increase an already wide range of terrain for which it is well-suited. Polaris’ commercially modified platforms are air transportable, highly capable and a force multiplier for every service in the United States military and more than 60 allied countries. In addition to military snowmobiles, Polaris Government and Defense provides tactical wheeled vehicles like the MRZR, DAGOR and MV850.
02 Apr 25. Boxer tested to see how far RCH 155 howitzer variant can tip before it topples. The Boxer has proved just how well it can cope with uneven terrain and steep slopes, with a test vehicle being deliberately tilted on a ramp to see how far it could go before toppling over. And instead of the standard Boxer, which is lower to the ground, the test vehicle was adapted to mimic the weight and centre of gravity of the turreted RCH 155 howitzer variant. The vehicle managed to tilt past a staggering 45° angle before one set of wheels finally lifted off the platform. The Remote Controlled Howitzer 155mm is a wheeled self-propelled howitzer developed by KNDS Deutschland. Under a landmark agreement with Germany, the UK launched an initiative last year to bring the RCH 155 into service within the next decade. Renowned for its versatility and mobility, it’s designed to tackle diverse terrain while enhancing survivability against enemy threats. Built on the Boxer eight-by-eight armoured platform, the RCH 155 integrates the advanced Artillery Gun Module (AGM), capable of firing Nato-standard 155mm shells with a range of 40-70 km, depending on the type of ammunition. This development marks a major leap forward for the Royal Artillery, empowering soldiers with a highly mobile, lethal, and decisive battlefield capability. Adding to its impressive resumé, the test vehicle has also achieved another first – successfully ascending a one-metre step, a feat never before accomplished by an eight-by-eight platform. The RCH 155 will deliver increased range and accuracy for artillery engagements, a high rate of fire of up to nine rounds per minute and possesses a powerful blend of tactical and operational mobility. Able to deliver multiple rounds onto a target simultaneously in a 360° arc at range, it also has a direct fire capability, providing close-range defence. As part of the Boxer family, it uses the common Boxer drive module, creating efficiencies in support through platform commonality and modularity, and improving interoperability.
Lieutenant General Dame Sharon Nesmith, speaking last year when she was Deputy Chief of the General Staff, said: “I am very proud that we have the opportunity to collaborate with Germany to develop RCH 155 as the British Army’s Mobile Fires Platform. It not only presents an invaluable opportunity to work alongside our vital ally Germany, but also demonstrates our clear commitment to and leadership role within Nato. RCH 155 will provide a world-class 155mm self-propelled artillery gun system to the Royal Artillery – an excellent strategic fit with the British Army of the future.” (Source: forces.net)
03 Apr 25. EINSA to market Milrem Robotics unmanned systems in Spain. The world’s leading robotics and autonomous systems developer, Milrem Robotics, has signed an agreement with the distinguished Spanish defence company EINSA for the distribution, marketing, repair and maintenance of Milrem’s products in Spain. Under the agreement, EINSA will be responsible for commercial management in Spain and integrated logistics support (ILS), including customer support, repairs, modernizations, training, and potential manufacturing of Milrem platforms for the Spanish market. This will allow EINSA to supply the Spanish armed forces with additional THeMIS UGVs, which are already part of robotics programs or in service in 19 countries worldwide and are assisting Ukrainian soldiers with casualty evacuation, route clearance, and more in the war with Russia.”We are pleased to partner with EINSA as our official commercial representative in Spain. Their strong expertise in defence, along with their deep understanding of the market, makes them a valuable partner in bringing Milrem Robotics’ advanced unmanned ground systems to Spanish defence and security forces. This collaboration will help enhance operational capabilities by delivering reliable and field-proven robotic solutions,” said Patrick Shepherd, Chief Sales Officer of Milrem Robotics.
“We are glad to collaborate with Milrem Robotics. Combining Milrem and EINSA’s portfolio of Unmanned Solutions, EINSA will become the partner of reference for the supply of uncrewed solutions in the Spanish Marlet as we can provide not only UGV wheeled or tracked but also a wide variety of payloads thanks to our integration capabilities” said David Ayala, Managing Director of EINSA.
About EINSA
EINSA is a Spanish engineering company with production capability and a clear international vocation, with headquarters and factory in Alcalá de Henares (Madrid). The company’s mission is to define, develop, manufacture and market the most advanced ground support equipment for civil and military aviation, as well as tactical and logistical vehicles. EINSA offers advanced technological products that effectively meet specific customer requirements.
02 Apr 25. Indian MoD negotiates electric light tactical vehicle deal. The Indian Ministry of Defence (MoD) is negotiating a contract with Bangalore-based electric vehicle (EV) manufacturer Pravaig for an undisclosed number of military electric vehicles known as Veer. The procurement will support the Indian Army’s requirement for light tactical vehicles with electric propulsion systems. A Pravaig spokesperson told Janes on 25 March that negotiations for the contract is on its “last leg”. “We’re in talks with two states to set up a dedicated facility that can roll out high volumes every month,” the spokesperson added. According to the spokesperson, Veer EV has undergone modifications to suit the operational needs of the Indian Army and began military trials in June 2024. “It has been approved [by the Indian Army] with just a few minor recommendations,” the spokesperson said. The final closed-body hybrid variant of the EV meant for the Indian Army is under development, and Pravaig expects this to be completed by mid-2025, the spokesperson added. The hybrid variant of the Veer EV features an additional petrol range extender along with the electric battery. The production will start once the contract is signed. According to a post on Pravaig’s official social media, Veer EV won the Prime Minister’s Award for Innovation for Defence Excellence (iDEX) on 11 March. (Source: Janes)
01 Apr 25. IDV, a company of Iveco Group (EXM: IVG), is participating in LAAD 2025, the largest defence and security trade fair in Latin America, held from April 1st to April 4th in Rio de Janeiro. With a local manufacturing base in Sete Lagoas (MG), IDV is a reference in Latin America for the development and manufacturing of land platforms with high-level protection, unparalleled mobility, and exceptional versatility. At LAAD (Hall 4, booth V50), IDV will focus on its diversified, highly innovative, and top-tier product portfolio, spotlighting two configurations of the 6×6 amphibious armoured vehicle (Guarani), the LMV-BR (Guaicurus) and CIO’s Centauro II VBC Cav-MSR 8×8 (Consortium Iveco – Oto Melara). IDV’s strong presence at the exhibition showcases the company’s significant and longstanding commitment to continuously reinforce the Brazilian land defence capacity. The collaboration between IDV and the Brazilian Army has a long history, which has so far seen the supply of 700 units of the 6×6 amphibious armoured vehicle “Guarani”, a flagship of the Brazilian Army. A further confirmation of the strong partnership, after the initial delivery of 32 units of the LMV-BR, has been the signing of the contract, in July 2024, for the supply of 420 LMV-BR 2 (Light Multirole Vehicle) within a 10-year timeframe. Another key milestone includes the Centauro II VBC Cav-MSR 8×8 developed by CIO, the Consortium between IDV and Oto Melara, now Leonardo, which has been chosen by the Brazilian Army within the international procurement process for the supply of 98 vehicles.
Nazario Bianchini, Head of IDV Sales worldwide, emphasizes IDV’s commitment in Brazil: “The Brazilian market is a prime focus for IDV. Our partnership with the Brazilian Army is solid and we remain highly committed to making this partnership thrive by delivering high-end products that meet the stringent requirements of security and defence forces.”
Humberto Spinetti, President of IDV for Latin America adds: “IDV’s participation in LAAD is part of our strategy to strengthen our presence as a reference in the Latin American defence industry. Our partnership with the Brazilian Army is proof of our potential for expansion. We are proud to be at the forefront of the sector, offering products that meet the most demanding needs for protection, mobility, and operational efficiency.”
VEHICLES ON DISPLAY AT IDV’S BOOTH – Hall 4, booth V50
Among the products on display at LAAD is the Brazilian Amy’s LMV-BR 4X4 (Guaicurus), a vehicle known for its versatility across different terrains, making it ideal for special missions requiring high mobility and protection in the most demanding operational theatres. The LMV is a highly tested family of vehicles, known for their significant deployment history with Armed Forces all around the globe. Another highlight at the IDV booth is the Guarani 6X6 amphibious vehicle, already in service with the Brazilian Army with over 700 units. The platform will be displayed in its Command Post and Anti-Aircraft Concept configurations. The Command Post version is designed to ensure command and control of combat units, enhancing situational awareness and integrating with the Army’s command and control (C2) system. Equipped for a crew of three soldiers (driver, vehicle commander, and gunner), the Guarani can transport up to four staff officers. It features rotating seats for command activities and a retractable external tent with electrical systems and lighting, accommodating up to six soldiers. The platform is equipped with a 7.62×51 mm or a 12.7×99 mm (.50 BMG) machine gun and smoke grenades for self-defence. The Guarani Anti-Aircraft configuration is yet another version of the Guarani platform, designed to provide defence against air threats. The radar vehicle, in combination with a firing unit, can quickly detect, track, and neutralise threats, ensuring high efficiency in troop and territory protection. Developed by CIO, the consortium between IDV and Oto Melara, now Leonardo, the Centauro II VBC Cav-MSR 8×8 is a heavy armoured platform, designed for reconnaissance and combat missions. Equipped with a 120 mm cannon, the Centauro II offers high-level ballistic protection and firepower. The VBC Cav – MSR 8X8 represents the top in the sector in terms of power, observation, mobility, ergonomics, firing performance, communication and crew protection. IDV will also showcase the LMV-BR Mobile Training Centre (CTM) at LAAD. Entirely developed in Brazil, this equipment serves as an instructional platform to support vehicle operator training during field operations and maintenance processes. The CTM ensures continuous and immersive training activities, guaranteeing competence and safety for Guaicurus vehicle operators.
01 Apr 25. Denmark joins CAVS programme. Denmark has joined the multinational Common Armoured Vehicle System (CAVS) programme by signing the Technical Arrangement. Following this, Denmark plans to proceed on the next execution phases of the programme. Denmark joins the programme now as the fifth nation after Finland, Latvia, Sweden and Germany.
“Patria welcomes Denmark’s swift decision to join the CAVS programme. The constantly evolving European security landscape has resulted into a high need of multinational collaboration enhancing interoperability and security of supply between allied nations. Supported by EU’s European Defence Industry Reinforcement through common Procurement Act (EDIRPA), the CAVS programme is a prime example for creating the desired common capabilities in a quick and cost-effective manner”, says Mats Warstedt, Senior Vice President, Market Area Nordics of Patria.
Within the CAVS programme, the 6×6 armoured vehicle system development is led by Patria, that has more than four decades of experience in developing, delivering and supporting state-of-the-art protected troop transportation and system integration. Vast majority of supply of the vehicles is conducted by utilising the member nations’ local industry capabilities and every new nation is inherently reinforcing the security of supply for the whole collaboration system. Patria has already received orders for over 850 Patria 6×6 vehicles and has delivered more than 200 vehicles. The programme is open to European countries with similar equipment requirements, by mutual consent of the participating countries.
03 Apr 25. Denmark to purchase 130 armoured personnel carriers from Patria. The procurement is valued at nearly $270.45m, with funding sourced from the Acceleration Fund. The Patria 6×6 is designed for troop transport and can be adapted for various combat support roles. Credit: Patria Group. Denmark has become a participant in the Finnish-led Common Armoured Vehicle System (CAVS) initiative with the Danish government outlining plans to acquire 130 CAVS units from Patria. The financial commitment is equivalent to roughly €250m ($270.45m). The acquisition strategy involves procuring a smaller quantity of vehicles within the current year followed by a more substantial order in the subsequent year. The country anticipates that the integration of CAVS vehicles will bolster its national defence capabilities. Furthermore, Denmark regards the CAVS programme as an efficient mode of collaboration among Nordic nations.
Denmark Minister of Defence Troels Lund Poulsen said: “With the purchase of armoured personnel carriers from Patria, we are strengthening the Army broadly with a contribution to both the light infantry battalion and the heavy brigade, so that Denmark’s defence is modernised and the soldiers have updated equipment. At the same time, it is important to strengthen the European defence industry – and that Denmark supports the industry by buying European. We are doing that with this purchase.”
The objective behind the CAVS programme is to advance the development of a 6 x 6 Armoured Vehicle System tailored to satisfy the shared specifications and demands of all member countries. With Denmark’s entry, it becomes the fifth nation to join this collective procurement framework, alongside Finland, Latvia, Sweden, and Germany. As part of the initial steps towards full participation, Denmark and existing CAVS members are set to sign an addendum to their current arrangement. This action will pave the way for Denmark’s involvement in commercial contracts that facilitate batch acquisitions of CAVS units. Patria market area Nordics senior vice president Mats Warstedt said: “Patria welcomes Denmark’s swift decision to join the CAVS programme. The constantly evolving European security landscape has resulted into a high need of multinational collaboration enhancing interoperability and security of supply between allied nations.
“Supported by EU’s European Defence Industry Reinforcement through common Procurement Act (EDIRPA), the CAVS programme is a prime example for creating the desired common capabilities in a quick and cost-effective manner.”
In 2024, Patria entered into a Life Cycle Management contract with Finland and Latvia to enhance the long-term operational efficiency of the CAVS programme. The Patria 6×6 is designed for troop transport and can be adapted for various combat support roles. These roles include as a company command vehicle, medical evacuation vehicle, heavy APC, and for the 120mm Patria Nemo mortar system. The majority of vehicle supply for the CAVS programme is sourced through the local industries of member nations, with each new member enhancing the security of supply for the entire system. This collaboration follows Germany’s agreement in February 2025, to commence a work package with Patria for the development and qualification of mortar systems for the Bundeswehr within the CAVS framework. To date, Patria has received orders for more than 850 of its 6×6 vehicles and has delivered more than 200. The programme remains open to European countries with similar equipment needs, subject to the agreement of the current participating nations. (Source: army-technology.com)
31 Mar 25. METLEN and Iveco Defence Vehicles (IDV) have signed a Memorandum of Understanding (MoU), establishing an exclusive collaboration for their joint participation and cooperation in the upcoming program announced by the Greek Ministry of Defence for the renewal of the existing fleet of protected and unprotected military trucks of the three branches of the Hellenic Armed Forces. The aim of the agreement between IDV, one of the leading European manufacturers of military trucks and combat vehicles, and METLEN, through its recently announced expanded defence hub in Volos, is to combine their know-how and experience to provide state-of-the-art defence solutions to the Hellenic Armed Forces and potentially to other Armed Forces of other European Nations. This strategic partnership with IDV, underscores METLEN’s increasing role in the defence sector, leveraging its longstanding expertise in complex metal constructions, and its strong track record in supporting high-tech defence programs, including armour welding for advanced military vehicle solutions. METLEN remains committed to investing in cutting-edge defence manufacturing, ensuring long-term sustainability and resilience for the Hellenic Armed Forces. The MoU further underlines IDV’s central role in the European defence ecosystem as a main player in the land defence sector. The strategic collaboration between the two parties aligns with broader European efforts to strengthen defence autonomy and industrial self-sufficiency. With this MoU, METLEN and IDV create the conditions to further enhance Greece’s defence production capabilities, reinforcing the country’s industrial footprint in European defence initiatives.
31 Mar 25. Otokar aims to grow in South America through technology transfer and local production opportunities. Otokar, Turkiye’s global land systems manufacturer, is participating in LAAD Defence & Security 2025, South America’s leading defense and security exhibition held in Rio de Janeiro between April 1-4. At the four-day exhibition, Otokar will exhibit its modular armored tracked vehicle TULPAR with the 120 mm HITFACT MkII Leonardo Turret. Visitors will also be informed about Otokar’s superior capabilities in land systems and globally recognized 4×4, 6×6, and 8×8 wheeled vehicles, especially globally well demanded COBRA II 4×4 light tactical vehicle. Stating that being the largest land systems exporter in Turkiye, Otokar continues to strengthen its position on a global scale with new contracts, Sedef Vehbi, Otokar Military Cluster Head said, “Being a listed NATO and UN supplier, more than 33 thousand Otokar military vehicles are on active duty in more than 40 countries and over 70 end users. We develop vehicles for today’s and future threats. Our vehicles successfully serve in risky regions all over the world, in very different and challenging climatic conditions. We develop the best solutions for our users with our global know-how, superior R&D, design and engineering capabilities. We are working with all our strength to continue our success in different geographies.”
Underlining that Otokar is a global player in land systems, Sedef Vehbi said “Our focus is on developing products and services that will best meet the requirements of our users. In recent years, we support our wide product range advance land systems capabilities with our technology transfer and localization efforts. Therefore, we are achieving significant tasks in different geographies and so proud of this success. Meanwhile as we have been focusing recently in South America too, we have already stepped in to the continent and Otokar vehicles are already serving successfully. LAAD is a great opportunity for Otokar to develop new collaborations, including local production.”
NEXT-GENERATION ARMORED COMBAT VEHICLE: TULPAR
TULPAR stands out with mobility, high firepower, and survivability features. TULPAR is designed as a multi-purpose tracked vehicle with variants ranging from 28,000kg to 45,000kg to fully satisfy the modern armies’ existing and future requirements. TULPAR comes in several variants including but not limited to Light/medium tank, Infantry Fighting Vehicle, Recovery Vehicle, Mortar Vehicle, Air Defense Weapon Carrier, Fire Support, Medical Evacuation having common subsystems. Tested in the toughest climates and on rough terrain conditions, TULPAR boosts high ballistic and mine protection with modular armor. In addition to its high fire and destruction power, with its high mobility TULPAR, can serve in all kinds of combat environments from urban, built-up areas and light bridges to woodlands and all terrains, especially soft surfaces where main battle tanks are unable to operate due to their heavy weights. At LAAD 2025, Otokar exhibits TULPAR with 120 mm HITFACT MkII Leonardo Turret.
COBRA II is actively used in more than 20 end-users in the world. It offers high level of protection, payload capacity, and large internal volume. In addition to its superior mobility, COBRA II provides high protection against ballistic, mine, and IED threats. With high power to weight ratio COBRA II delivers high performance. The combat proven vehicle is operated by many armies in different parts of the world on toughest terrain and climate conditions.
Being suitable for the integration of wide range of weapon and mission equipment options, COBRA II is successfully in service for border protection as well as internal security and peacekeeping missions in different users. The modular structure of COBRA II also makes the vehicle a flexible platform to be used as a personnel carrier, anti-tank weapons platform, Reconnaissance & Surveillance, CBRN reconnaissance vehicle, command control vehicle, recovery and medical evacuation.
27 Mar 25. Poland signs $1.7bn deal for infantry fighting vehicles. The Polish Ministry of National Defence has signed a deal worth some PLN 6.57bn ($1.7bn) to acquire 111 Borsuk (Badger) tracked infantry fighting vehicles from the country’s state-run defense group PGZ.
“We are delivering on our promise to invest in the Polish defense industry,” Wladyslaw Kosiniak-Kamysz, Poland’s deputy prime minister and defense minister, was quoted in a statement released by his agency.
“Security and the economy, these two things are combined within the Borsuk. Security, because we gain excellent equipment developed in Poland, and the economy, because all this money goes to Polish defense companies,” according to Kosiniak-Kamysz. Under the plan, the Borsuk will replace the Soviet-designed BWP-1 vehicle as the Polish military’s tracked IFV. The March 27 contract marks the first executive deal to be signed within a 2023 framework contract for a total of 1,400 Borsuks and accompanying vehicles. Under the deal, the 111 ordered vehicles are to be supplied to the Polish land forces in the years 2025 to 2029. The Borsuk, which has amphibious technology, is fitted with the ZSSW-30 remote-controlled turret. The vehicle is manned by a crew of three, and it can carry six troops. Work on developing the Borsuk was initiated in 2014 by local company Huta Stalowa Wola, currently a PGZ subsidiary, which is part of the consortium that will produce the vehicles for the Polish Army. (Source: Defense News Early Bird/Defense News)
27 Mar 25. Turkish, Egyptian firms team up on unmanned ground vehicle project.
“This signals that the Turkish/Egyptian relationship is progressing in the right direction, not only on the political and economic realms, but also on the defense and security cooperation, which is of highest importance for both countries,” one expert told Breaking Defense.
Turkish defense firm Havelsan joined forces with Egypt’s Kader Factory for Developed Industries to produce unmanned ground vehicles (UGV) in Egypt, Havelsan said in a statement Wednesday, in what analysts said was a sign of deepening ties between Ankara and Cairo Kader Factory, which is affiliated with the government-owned Arab Organization for Industrialization, will benefit from Turkish engineering expertise and licensing to jointly produce the UGVs in its facilities in Cairo, according to Havelsan.
“This cooperation represents not only a transfer of technology but also a sharing of expertise and strategic vision. We are proud to be co-producing advanced unmanned ground vehicles with our Egyptian partners. This partnership marks a significant step forward in strengthening the defense capabilities of both nations,” said Havelsan’s deputy general ?evket Ünal in the statement.
Turkish ambassador to Turkey Salih Mutlu Sen added in the statement that “this cooperation is the first step toward a long-term strategic partnership between HAVELSAN and Kader.”
An official from Haveslan told Breaking Defense that the UGVs to be developed in Egypt will not be a copy of Havelsan’s Barkan UGV.
“It will be a specific design for that region [Egypt]. We will reflect our autonomous capabilities. They [Kader Factory] will also make a specific design for the conditions in the Middle East,” the Haveslan official added.
He expected the first UGV prototype to be ready for Egypt’s defense expo, EDEX, taking place in September 2025. Development of the prototype is set to begin in two weeks, according to the official. Unmanned ground vehicles are still a relatively new technology in the Middle East, and senior Middle East and North Africa analyst at the RANE network Ryan Bohl highlighted that this cooperation will boost Egypt’s military diversification efforts.
“It gives Cairo another NATO partner to develop a system that is becoming increasingly attractive for actors wanting to limit casualties while maintaining the realistic threat of intervention,” Bohl told Breaking Defense. “But time will tell if Egypt can produce versions of UGVs that are scalable for strategic deployments, and there remains an open question as to whether or not Egypt can source the necessary components affordably to do so as it continues to restructure its fiscal position.”
Along with Bohl, Ali Bakir, a professor at Qatar University and non-resident senior fellow at the Atlantic Council’s Scowcroft Middle East Security Initiative, agreed that this partnership is part of the larger deepening ties between the two countries. In March 2023, Turkey and Egypt agreed to normalize ties a decade after the 2013 rupture following a coup in Cairo removed the Turkey-supported Egyptian president, Mohammed Morsi.
“I think this signals that the Turkish/Egyptian relationship is progressing in the right direction, not only on the political and economic realms, but also on the defense and security cooperation, which is of highest importance for both countries,” Bakir told Breaking Defense.
Bohl added that this is a “notable sign that Egyptian-Turkish cooperation is deepening on the backdrop of [Turkish President Recep Tayyip] Erdogan’s sustained push for rapprochement with Egypt’s President Abdel Fatah al-Sisi. It’s a sign that Sisi too sees defense diversification through Turkey as a necessary back-up to U.S. ties, especially as the U.S. is pressuring Egypt to take in Gazan refugees and has long had lingering concerns about Cairo’s human rights record and connections to Russia.” Bakir noted that the Turkish business industry is looking for new markets in the region and beyond as part of an expansion goal to focus on newly untapped markets.
“The first target was, of course, the GCC [Gulf Cooperation Council] countries, [second] is the North Africa and African countries, and [Turkey has] achieved a lot of progress in this [area], and the third target is South-East Asian countries and East Asian countries where [Ankara] can see new opportunities with [countries like] Indonesia, Malaysia, and maybe Pakistan,” Bakir concluded. (Source: Defense News Early Bird/Breaking Defense.com)
28 Mar 25. Rheinmetall CEO visits VW plant as defence companies look to expand. Rheinmetall CEO Armin Papperger visited Volkswagen’s Osnabrueck plant on Friday as part of a delegation of Europe’s top ammunition maker, labour representatives said, in the latest sign of closer cooperation between the defence and auto sectors. Papperger earlier this month said Volkswagen’s factory in Osnabrueck, which may be repurposed or sold as part of the carmaker’s revamp, would be “very suitable” for defence production. (Source: Reuters)
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