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04 Sept 24. India progresses future tank programme. India has approved the Indian Army’s procurement of next-generation main battle tanks (MBTs) to replace the service’s ageing fleets of T-72s.
The Future Ready Combat Vehicle (FRCV) programme was cleared as part of a series of Acceptance of Necessity (AoN) approvals announced by the Indian Ministry of Defence (MoD) on 3 September.
The MoD said these AoN approvals, which also include other procurements for the Indian Army and Indian Coast Guard (ICG), are worth a combined value of INR1.44 trillion (USD17.2 bn). The specific value of the FRCV programme was not revealed.
“For modernisation of the tank fleet of the Indian Army the proposal for procurement of Future Ready Combat Vehicles has been cleared,” the MoD said. “The FRCV will be a futuristic main battle tank with superior mobility, all terrain ability, multilayered protections, precision and lethal fires, and real-time situational awareness.”
Previous MoD statements have said the Indian Army intends to procure 1,770 FRCVs over several phases. The first phase is intended to feature the production of 590 vehicles, although it will likely be several years before a contractor is finalised. The FRCV is unlikely to enter Indian Army service before the mid-2030s.
In addition to the FRCV programme, AoNs announced by the MoD cleared the Indian Army procurements of the Air Defence Fire Control Radar (ADFCR) and Forward Repair Team (Tracked) equipment. (Source: Janes)
04 Sept 24. Mobile APU Test & Evaluation System Unveiled. Sky Power International is now offering the SP-180 SRE APU demonstrator mobile APU test and evaluation system for tactical vehicles, only requiring a 48 V DC power supply to operate. Sky Power International has introduced the SP-180 SRE APU demonstrator mobile APU test and evaluation system, based on the SP-180 SRE-hybrid Wankel engine.
Auxiliary Power Units (APU) are small, self-contained power sources that are used in land and rail vehicles as well as in general aviation or maritime applications. These units provide an independent power supply that allows the main engine to remain switched off while electrical devices continue to operate.
The system runs on gasoline. A 48 V DC power supply is required to operate the demonstrator. Exhaust and silencer, engine control unit (ECU), starter and alternator (12 KW constant), EFI, fuel pump, an electrical system consisting of power supply and starter control, a thermal system for oil as well as a cooling circuit including pumps and a heat exchanger are installed as standard in the SP-180 SRE APU demonstrator.
With the installed SP-180 SRE hybrid Wankel engine, the APU demonstrator works very efficiently. Thanks to the compact design of the engine, the test and evaluation system is very space-saving, lightweight and extremely smooth-running. Furthermore, Wankel engines can also reach higher speeds with low vibrations.
In addition, the Wankel engine offers further significant advantages in APU applications. By using the APU, the main engine can be switched off when idling, which can significantly reduce fuel consumption.
Switching off the main engine also leads to a considerable reduction in exhaust emissions. By using an APU, wear can be reduced, which extends the service life of the main engine and reduces maintenance costs.
Karsten Schudt, Managing Director of Sky Power International, said, “Thanks to its very compact and simple design, low vibrations, high speeds and consistent power output, the Wankel motor offers some decisive advantages over traditional reciprocating piston engines. These characteristics make it particularly attractive for applications where space, weight and power play a major role.
“Overall, Auxiliary Power Units offer a wide range of benefits for land vehicles and help to reduce fuel consumption, protect the environment and increase comfort for users. With advancing technology, such as that of the Wankel engine, APUs will become even more efficient and environmentally friendly.” (Source: https://www.defenseadvancement.com/)
05 Sept 24. Personnel carrier tender: Is all well at Armscor?
The Request for Bid (ELWS/2024/71) for the procurement of personnel carriers for the SA Army was issued on 23 July 2024, with a requirement for 462 vehicles. This Request for Bid followed the initial Request for Information (RFI/01/2023) for armoured personnel carrier vehicles capable of counterinsurgency operations.
This is an exciting development for providing locally produced solutions for the market. The problem is that there have been too many changes in approach since the issuing of the RFI. It makes industry wonder if the Handbook for the Acquisition of Armaments in the Department of Defence and in Armscor (DAHB 1000) has been followed. The Required Operational Capability would have been completed. The definition phase with the Staff Target that guides the Functional Study, which gives the output of a Staff Requirement would have been captured prior to entering the rest of the procurement process. Project Study Report has earmarked a buy decision. The buy decision is for existing Off-The-Shelf products with minor modifications to achieve specification. The specification of the end user is generally captured at this stage in the Functional User Requirement Specification (FURS). This process is signed off by the Operations Staff Council for recommendation by the Military Command Council. This guides procurement requirements and Armscor then generates a procurement specification based on the FURS.
The confusion started with the RFI mentioning different levels of protection. Firstly, paragraph 3.1.1 states minimum 7.62 x 51 mm ball ballistic protection and Level 1 blast protection, followed by second requirement 5.2.1.2 & 3 that “shall be used as a guideline” that mentioned protection against 7.62 x 51 mm and 5.56 mm ball ammunition and protection against a single 8 kg surrogate mine (Level 3 blast) placed under the vehicle. The mine protection was subsequently reduced to Level 1 (only against hand grenades).
The standard APC configuration in the RFI aligned with the South African defence industry (SADI) accepted norm of 10 crew members (generally 2+8 seating configuration), with the option for variant configurations of Section, Command and Ambulance variants.
Many Military-Off-The-Shelf (MOTS) solutions were options that could satisfy the differing range of protection mentioned in the RFI. Below are some vehicles by local entities that meet the various descriptions of APC for counterinsurgency operations.
The specification has called for the RFI minimum 7.62mm x 51mm ball ballistic protection and no blast protection. There was then an additional change in configuration to have a minimum of 11 crew with 10 seats in the rear crew compartment of the Section Variant. This effectively requires a 2+10 seat configuration, but also asks for all patrol equipment and personal kit for 72-hour operations to be carried inside the vehicle, not in storage bins as per the RFI. A further development captured in the RFP is that the vehicle is to have a 13.5 ton Gross Vehicle Mass, while catering for a minimum payload of 1.5 tons.
The RFP was issued on 23 July 2024 with a bid submission date one month later of 23 August 2024. A bidder’s conference was held on 8 August 2024 (initial date was 31 July 2024).
The answers to questions raised leading into the bidder’s conference were only answered on 21 August 2024, just two days before submission. On this date, an extension was granted by Armscor for submission of bids to 13 September 2024. The problem is that the answers to the questions have significantly changed the vehicle system requirements.
The ballistic protection has effectively been increased to “full” STANAG Level 1 protection that covers 7.62 x 51 mm and 5.56 mm ball ammunition. Not just the 7.62 x 51 mm ball ammunition of the RFP Specification. Even more importantly, the mine blast protection was changed to a Level 2 blast (single 6 kg surrogate mine placed under the vehicle) versus the RFP specification mentioning NO mine blast protection, and then down to Level 1. These two changes have a significant mass impact, but also eliminate some potential supplier solutions. I am thinking of the competitive Paramount Maatla in a Long Wheel Base as an example of how the changes to requirements can cause bidders to restart documentation, or even change the solution being offered, or in the worst case decide on a no bid due to a now non-compliant solution.
Of less consequence is that the decision to allow a crew member to sit in the open front seat, thus changing the configuration to 2+9 seat. This could aid in fitting the equipment to be fitted in the vehicle. As example, the radios must be mounted behind the driver, using seat space.
The changes are significant. If a MOTS vehicle needs to be modified to achieve the specification, then in reality the mine blast certification would have to be conducted again. This adds significant overhead to a product in terms of time and cost to initial delivery.
At what point does a change of specification imply that a tender needs to be retracted? There is hope that the submission would not have to be redone by suppliers due to a future challenge of any contract award. Think of the VISTULA programme that was challenged. The impact is that the SANDF still does not have a replacement for the SAMIL support vehicle fleet 20 years later.
The reality of the time for placing orders and the potential of industry to deliver complex systems is also in question. The process of acquisition is well specified in DAHB-1000. The Personnel Carrier approval will be at the highest level of the Armaments Acquisition Council (AAC) that is chaired by the Minister of Defence & Military Veterans. Delays in the approval process are well known. As examples, the pilot rescue vehicle tender (ELWS/2023/39) that was posted on 26 September 2023 with a validity of 365 days has requested bidders for extension to 31 March 2025. The really urgent 6×6 vehicle tender (EWSD/2024/18) published on 14 May 2024 that was going to be delivered for testing by 31 July 2024 has requested bidders for an extension to 31 October 2024.
Now the Personnel Carrier tender has set stretch targets for industry to submit a proposal for a complex system. Keep in mind that the previous timelines related to a complex RFP would generally be minimum three months to submission. The last large complex vehicle programme RFPs of similar stature (VISTULA and HOEFYSTER) had a one-year timeframe for submission. It is as if the defence industry is being punished for delays in the internal acquisition process. If the original Armscor tender is correct, then an order should have been placed from 1 April 2024. The RFP was only issued in July 2024.
The delivery dates are also a stretch. The first article vehicles of each variant are required two months after receipt of order for entering testing. According to the DAHB 1000, these would establish a manufacturing baseline after testing. Then 20 of each variant is required by 15 March 2025. This is 60 vehicles. A question would be why Armscor does not specify the 82 vehicles needed to cover the first deployed battalion. The vehicle supply of 60, or 82 vehicles, would be a challenge unless the vehicles are in stock. If not in stock, then a realistic timeline based on long lead items would be 12 months for the initial 60 vehicles. The remaining portion of the 462 vehicles with the logistics and support deliverables are required by a realistic 15 March 2028.
The earliest AAC would be at the beginning of December 2024 or end January 2025. Keep in mind that there are at least three other approval levels to be navigated prior to submitting the information to an AAC. The AAC also needs the information at least two weeks in advance of a meeting. The examples used above indicate that this is stretch. The tender validity of 180 days is more realistic, but still tight. So, the revised dates are interesting and raise questions on the validity of the tender process.
Is all well at Armscor?
Written by James Kerr, Orion Consulting CC, which provides Market Entry Strategy and Bid & Proposal services to the Aerospace & Defence related industry and assists international SME mission system product suppliers to gain traction in South Africa.
(Source: https://www.defenceweb.co.za/)
04 Sept 24. USMC testing a ‘narco-boat’ for resupply efforts. The U.S. Marine Corps is testing out an autonomous system inspired by a “narco-boat” to bolster resupply efforts, as the service focuses on island hopping and projecting power from land to sea, according to the head of the Marine Corps Warfighting Laboratory.
In addition to delivering two Naval Strike Missiles for the Corps’ anti-ship missile system, the autonomous low-profile vessel the Marine Corps is experimenting with also aims to better get critical supplies like food to forward deployed and distributed Marines, Marine Corps Brig. Gen. Simon Doran said at the Defense News Conference on Wednesday.
“Truth be told, this is just a narco-boat,” Doran said. “We stole the idea from friends down south. And so this is 55 feet long, completely autonomous. It’s able to go hundreds or thousands of miles. It’s able to carry weapon systems that we have that are new. … It can carry pretty much anything you want to put in it.”
Inspired by narco-boats, which are used by traffickers to smuggle illicit substances across bodies of water, the unmanned vessel remains close to the water-surface level to cut down on the likelihood of detection as it assists with logistics capabilities.
The service tested the logistics supply drone at the Army’s Project Convergence Capstone in February at Camp Pendleton, California, where the Marine Corps trained a cook in 21 days to operate the system off the islands of Japan.
The Army spearheads the Project Convergence to test out advanced technology and capabilities in modern warfare as part of a joint, multinational exercise.
The autonomous low-profile vessel is particularly important because it allows forces to resupply food, fuel and ammunition without jeopardizing the safety of Marines, Doran said.
“If you have that unit located inside a weapons engagement zone, contested logistics and the ability to maneuver in the littorals becomes key,” Doran said. “And for that, what we’re looking at is trying to acquire systems that we deem risk worthy, meaning that we don’t necessarily want to just waste them, but we’d rather put something in there that’s autonomous, that doesn’t have humans on it that can do some of these higher risk missions without having personnel put in that riskier situation.”
This system is something the Marine Corps wanted “yesterday,” but testing is ongoing, Doran said. The Marine Corps Warfighting Laboratory received two prototypes in 2023.
The vessel is expected to join the III Marine Expeditionary Force based in Okinawa, Japan, for further evaluation this fall, he said.
The service hopes to purchase the vessels in the next several years, Marine Corps leaders said at the 2023 Defense News Conference. (Source: C4ISR & Networks)
04 Sept 24. Defence pursues ‘Camel Train’ autonomous air logistics support system. The Department of Defence has released new information about a new “Camel Train” autonomous air logistics support system to strengthen the nation’s northern supply chain.
The new system is designed to strengthen the supply chain and offer a solution for rapid resupply of smaller stores to meet unforeseen urgent demands, according to information published under “Camel Train Phase 1 Development Services” earlier this year on 30 July by AusTender.
“Jericho Disruptive Innovation continues to develop prototype capabilities for Head of Air Force Capability to demonstrate options to solve gaps, risk and issues and take opportunities,” AusTender said in a statement.
“A part of this remit includes the testing of developmental systems in a safe and risk managed way, and in this context JDI has raised Project ‘Camel Train’.
“Improving the Australian Defence Force’s ability to operate from Australia’s northern approaches is a key priority outlined by the National Defence Strategy for the future integrated force and this will be the primary focus for Camel Train.
“The logistics supply chain within Australia’s northern approaches needs fundamental modernisation and novel solutions to meet the strategic objective of responding with credible military force. A resilient and robust logistics supply chain management system is required to enable commanders to fight, sustain and win in Australia’s northern approaches.
“Camel Train will deliver a suite of air vehicles integrated into an autonomous Air Logistics Support (ALS) system. The Camel Train system will strengthen the supply chain and offer a solution for rapid resupply of smaller stores to meet unforeseen urgent demands. The ability to rapidly resupply spokes from a logistic hub without straining personnel or larger airframes would significantly enhance the capacity and efficiency of the existing air logistics system.
“Camel Train will eventually encompass a family of vehicles, ranging from short distance (50 kilometres) rotor variants capable of precision delivery up to 50 kilograms, to longer range (1,000 kilometres) fixed-wing variants capable of transporting 1,000 kilograms. Larger variants will allow for optional crewing. Support at sea as well as land is planned, with at least some variants to be able to support maritime units by air drop or amphibious landings in waters up to Sea State 2. (Source: Defence Connect)
03 Sept 24. GDELS displays Pandur AFV with Skyranger 30 air-defence turret. General Dynamics European Land Systems-Steyr (GDELS-Steyr) has displayed the air-defence variant of its Pandur 6×6 Evolution (EVO) wheeled armoured vehicle, with Rheinmetall’s Skyranger 30 turret.
GDELS told Janes that while it could give no concrete information on potential customers for the system, there was “demand there” for it, and that customer preferences had shaped the choice of the Skyranger turret and its armament.
As well as a Rheinmetall-supplied 30 mm cannon, the system will be fitted with a launcher for two MBDA Mistral infrared homing short-range air defence (SHORAD) missiles. Asked about the choice of missile, GDELS told Janes that as the Austrian army already uses the Mistral, it may be a way of keeping the logistics footprint low.
On 23 February 2024 the Bundesheer (Austrian Armed Forces) became the launch customer for the Pandur EVO with Skyranger 30 turret. Ordering 36 of the turrets, the Bundesheer wanted them installed on 36 of the 225 Pandur EVOs it had ordered on 19 February. Under the contract, valued in the mid-three-digit m euro range, deliveries are scheduled for 2026–30.
The Skyranger 30 turret is also being mounted on up to 48 of Germany’s Rheinmetall Landsysteme GmbH (RLS)- and KNDS-manufactured Boxer 8×8 wheeled armoured vehicles, and 15 of Denmark’s GDELS-Mowag-manufactured Piranha 5 8×8 wheeled armoured vehicles. (Source: Janes)
03 Sept 24. Dutch army to have its own tank unit for the first time in 10 years. The Dutch army will have its own tank unit for the first time in more than 10 years, local media reported on Tuesday, quoting some extracts from a defence white paper that the government will unveil on Thursday. The set up of this unit, which will help the Netherlands comply with the NATO target of spending at least 2% of its GDP on defence, will cost between 260m and 315m euros ($347.82m) per year, the NRC Handelsblad reported. That sum will, amongst others, cover the purchasing costs of new tanks, likely to be the Leopard 2, built by German tank maker Krauss-Maffei Wegmann, which has been used by the Dutch land army since 40 years. ($1 = 0.9056 euros) (Source: Reuters)
02 Sept 24. Hanwha’s defence corporations are set to present their state-of-the-art defence solutions at the forthcoming 32nd International Defence Industry Exhibition MSPO 2024 in Targi Kielce, Poland, from 3 to 6 September.
In this year’s show, Team Hanwha will highlight second-to-none capabilities of the KSS-III submarine, which has been offered for Polish Navy’s Orka submarine acquisition program, along with land defence systems such as the K9 Self-Propelled Howitzer and Chunmoo Multiple Rocket Launcher System, both of which are in service with the Polish Army.
Designed and built by Hanwha Ocean, the KSS-III is the latest diesel-electric-powered submarine operated by the South Korean Navy. The submarine is armed with six tubes for wire-guided torpedoes, anti-ship missiles, cruise missiles and mobile mines.
In addition, the class features hull-mounted vertical launchers for conventional Submarine Launched Ballistic Missiles (SLBM). Using an Air Independent Propulsion (AIP) system and lithium-ion batteries, the submarine can stay submerged over three weeks. The KSS-III has proven its effectiveness in both littoral shallow waters of the West Sea (Yellow Sea), shallower than the Baltic Sea.
Aligning with the Polish Navy’s ambition to maintain and repair its future submarines domestically, Hanwha Ocean is proposing the transfer of technology related to submarine maintenance, repair, and overhaul (MRO) operations, ensuring the Polish industry and shipyards to conduct submarine MROs independently in the future.
Hanwha Ocean plans to transfer submarine maintenance, repair and overhaul (MRO) technologies, helping the Polish industry independently conduct MRO operations in the future. To this end, Hanwha Ocean held an Industry Day in Gdansk in May to discuss detailed plans with Polish industry stakeholders on the MRO tech transfer schemes.
“The KSS-III will boost the Polish Navy’s deterrent capability, as well as contribute to regional security and stability,” said Steve SK Jeong (Retired ROK Navy Vice Admiral), Vice President of Hanwha Ocean. “Most of all, our MRO tech transfer scheme is a truly ‘win-win’ solution to deliver economic benefits to the Polish industry.”
Hanwha Systems will present its advanced Naval Combat Management System for combining on-board weapons and sensors into a single system. The integrated combat system also allocates missions to each weapons system based on enemy information collected by on-board ship sensors, carrying out engagement. The combat system mounted on the KSS-III submarine is capable of operating multiple sensor and systems such as sonar, non-acoustic sensor, armament, communication system for more effective underwater operations.
Hanwha Systems will also showcase the Modular Open Suit of Standard (MOSS) Platform, a mobile 5G command-control communication system that can be installed on different types of combat vehicles such as main battle tanks.
Developed by Hanwha Aerospace, the Arion-SMET multipurpose unmanned ground vehicle (UGV) will take the center stage of Hanwha stand. Based on Artificial Intelligence technology, the UGV can operate either remotely or autonomously to carry out missions such as transport of equipment and ammunition; evacuation of the wounded; search and reconnaissance; and close combat. The vehicle has been recognized for its technological prowess, with the successful Foreign Comparative Testing with the U.S. Marine Corps in December 2023.
“Hanwha is fully committed to cooperating with the Polish Government and Armed Forces as the most trusted partner for Poland,” said Billy Boo-hwan Lee, President of Hanwha Aerospace Europe in Warsaw. “We’re looking to further expand the scope of cooperation with Polish industries on new projects to help boost the Polish defence capability and industrial growth.”
For more information about Hanwha’s cutting-edge capabilities, visitors may visit the Hanwha stand G-37 at Targi Kielce.
29 Aug 24. New US squad vehicle makes dent in mobile combat brigade. The US Army’s new Infantry Squad Vehicle (ISV) is making it easier for small units to be on the go, but the army is still learning how to use the new equipment, service leaders told Janes during one of the first major training rotations to feature the vehicle. Soldiers drove the ISV over the wooded and swampy terrain of Fort Johnson, Louisiana, for an August training rotation. The ISV enabled soldiers to drive and ditch, and “has significantly changed our ability to move the mobile brigade combat team around the battlefield”, Major General Brett Sylvia, commanding general of the 101st Airborne Division, told reporters on 22 August. He described a moment from the 101st’s Joint Readiness Training Center rotation at Fort Johnson where soldiers in ISVs presented multiple dilemmas for the opposing force. Instead of executing a positional defence where soldiers would be defending from a fixed location, they executed a mobile defence, Maj Gen Sylvia said. The opposing force “had to piecemeal the introduction of [its] own combat power … because [the enemy] knew that the strike brigade out there had the capability to rapidly reposition its forces and execute that”, he said. (Source: Janes)
01 Sept 24. Mercedes-Benz Special Trucks has expanded its defence portfolio with a new four-axle all-wheel drive Zetros unveiled at Eurosatory 24. Mercedes-Benz Special Trucks is now offering the Zetros off-road truck with four axles and all-wheel drive (8×8) in two variants from 2025 onwards. The Zetros will now be available in various configurations from a two-axle to a four-axle model.
The Zetros 8×8 which Mercedes-Benz Special Trucks exhibited at Eurosatory is the result of a major order from the Canadian Ministry of Defence, under which more than 1500 Zetros vehicles will be delivered over the next few years. Mercedes-Benz Special Trucks also presented a Zetros with a protected cab at Eurosatory. From now on, the vehicle with a protected cab can be delivered directly from the Wörth plant.
Zetros 8×8 with armoured cab [© Mercedes-Benz: The Power Team]
Franziska Cusumano, Head of Mercedes-Benz Special Trucks: “With the expansion of our portfolio, we can now offer our customers the complete product range of the Zetros high-terrain truck series. With the new Zetros 8×8, customers get a robust and highly mobile logistics vehicle with a large payload for military use. In future, they will also benefit from being able to obtain the Zetros with a protected cab from a single source. And all of this made in Germany, of course.”
Zetros 8×8 with armoured cab and Marshall shelter body [© Carl Schulze]
New Zetros 8×8 comes with more payload and larger body space: The new 8×8 vehicle variant offers a significantly increased payload of up to 25 tons with the usual high off-road capability. At the same time, the available body space is increased thanks to the longer vehicle frame. The Zetros can therefore be used for an even wider range of tactical and logistical requirements.
In any case, the series with an OM 460 in-line six-cylinder diesel engine, with 265 to 375 kW (360 to 510hp) and a maximum torque of up to 2,300 Nm from 12.8 litres of displacement, is designed for heavy-duty use. Off-road, drivers benefit from the large slope and ramp angles and the fordability, while engageable longitudinal and transverse differential locks can increase traction and manoeuvrability depending on the driving situation. The Zetros 8×8 also retains full off-road capability while significantly increasing transport performance.
8×8 times two: two four-axle variants available in future: The new Zetros 8×8 will be available in two variants. The first variant has two axles at the front and two axles at the rear, with the two front axles being steered. In the second variant, there is one steerable front axle and three rear axles. The last of the three rear axles is steered in order to reduce the curve radius. Both variants will be available both as a tractor unit and as a carrier vehicle with a large body space. All Zetros vehicles will also be available with a protected cab in future: The start of production of the new Zetros 8×8 follows the introduction of the likewise new option of a protected cab ex-works. With the special cab armouring, the driver and crew inside the vehicle can be protected from ballistic fire or landmines. The protected cab is already available for the Zetros 6×6 and will be successively available to order on a project-specific basis for the entire product range of the Zetros high-terrain series from 2025 onwards. Mercedes-Benz Special Trucks is thus expanding its product portfolio and will in future be able to offer vehicle solutions including protected cabs from a single source, even for large orders. For customers, this means: one contact partner, one manufacturer, one complete vehicle with harmonised components, one invoice. Mercedes-Benz Special Trucks also ensures extensive service and spare parts availability. Mercedes-Benz Special Trucks will continue to collaborate with manufacturers of protected driver cabs and protected cells for military trucks and military chassis to realise specific customer requests and national requirements. (Source: www.joint-forces.com)
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Contact: Paul Fleming
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