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22 Nov 21. AUKUS partners sign tech-sharing agreement.
Australia is one step closer to securing access to highly-classified nuclear technology, with AUKUS representatives putting pen to paper to advance the deal.
Minister for Defence Peter Dutton and representatives from the United Kingdom and the United States this morning (22 November) signed the Exchange of Naval Nuclear Propulsion Information Agreement — a legally-binding arrangement granting Australia access to advanced nuclear technology under the AUKUS deal.
The agreement establishes a framework for the disclosure and use of information related to naval nuclear propulsion, supporting the local development of at least eight nuclear-powered submarines for the Royal Australian Navy.
Civilian and military personnel in Australia would be provided with critical training and education from US and UK counterparts, ensuring the submarines are developed safely and effectively.
The agreement also aims to develop the skills necessary to establish a best practice regulatory and safety regime, ensuring Australia complies with its international obligations under the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons.
Minister Dutton said the exchange agreement would help inform the 18-month examination of the requirements underpinning the delivery of nuclear-powered submarines, led by the Commonwealth government’s Nuclear-Powered Submarine Task Force.
The Task Force’s considerations are expected to include requirements for design, construction, maintenance, infrastructure, industry capacity, nuclear safety, environmental protection, crewing and training.
The group will also advise on building timeframes, costs and supply needs.
“With access to the information this agreement delivers, coupled with the decades of naval nuclear-powered experience our UK and US partners have, Australia will also be positioned to be responsible and reliable stewards of this technology,” he added.
“…I thank our AUKUS partners for their commitment to bringing this pivotal agreement together quickly which assures continued progress for our nuclear-powered submarine ambitions and our collective efforts to ensure the Indo-Pacific remains stable, secure and prosperous, and free from coercion.”
Prime Minister Scott Morrison noted the importance of the arrangement, which marks the first time the United States and United Kingdom have agreed to share classified nuclear-propulsion technology with a third-party.
“This is a very important agreement for Australia’s future security,” Prime Minister Scott Morrison said following the signing of the exchange agreement.
“There are plenty of others who don’t want to see this go ahead, I think that tells you why it’s so important that we do.”
The agreement has been tabled in the Australian Parliament for consideration by the Joint Standing Committee on Treaties.
The landmark deal is also subject to approval in the United States and the United Kingdom. (Source: Defence Connect)
18 Nov 21. Response by Belarus to the Vienna Mechanism: joint statement.
French Ambassador Christine Fages delivers a joint statement on the response by Belarus to the Vienna Mechanism on behalf of 35 OSCE participating States.
Madam Chairperson,
I am delivering this statement on behalf of the following 35 participating States that invoked the Vienna (Human Dimension) Mechanism on 4 November: Albania, Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Canada, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Montenegro, The Netherlands, North Macedonia, Norway, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Switzerland, the United Kingdom, Ukraine, and the United States.
In our letter of 4 November 2021 to the Delegation of Belarus, and our statement to the Permanent Council on the same day, we stressed our concerns about the serious human rights violations and abuses taking place in Belarus. We highlighted specific areas of concern around (i) freedom of peaceful assembly; (ii) media freedom; (iii) continued arbitrary or unjust arrests or detentions; (iv) the targeting of opposition figures; (v) torture; and (vi) migration. In accordance with the provisions of the Vienna Mechanism, we posed a number of questions to the Belarusian authorities.
The Delegation of Belarus has now replied by letter, with Annex, dated 12 November 2021.
Whilst we welcome that the Delegation of Belarus responded within the ten days mandated under the Vienna Mechanism, we regret that the content of their letter does not indicate a material change in the approach of the Belarusian authorities.
We will, of course, study the full contents of the letter in detail. However, we take this early opportunity to reject firmly some of the comments made in that letter, such as the suggestion that our concerns are groundless, and that the raising of those concerns through OSCE mechanisms undermines trust.
The Vienna Mechanism was invoked to express our concerns about the implementation of human dimension commitments in Belarus. But it also offered another opportunity for Belarus to reassess its current direction, and to consider the opportunities for serious and meaningful engagement through the unique set of tools and instruments that are available through the OSCE.
In that regard, we remind the Delegation of Belarus of the offers of the current Chairpersonship-in-Office, together with the previous and subsequent Chairs, to facilitate a true national dialogue between the Belarusian authorities and representatives of the opposition and civil society. We underscore our call for the Belarusian authorities to implement the 2020 Moscow Mechanism report’s recommendations. We also call on Belarus to make full, proper and meaningful use of the OSCE’s institutions, bodies and mechanisms to help resolve the ongoing crisis.
Madam Chair,
In their previous statements to the Permanent Council, and now in their reply to our Vienna Mechanism letter, the Delegation of Belarus has repeatedly claimed that the Belarusian authorities are open to dialogue. So far, those words have not been reflected in their actions and behaviours.
We yet again call on the Belarusian authorities to reconsider their current approach to this crisis. And we reconfirm our commitment to continue to work together to help resolve the current crisis for the sake of the Belarusian people.
We request that this statement be attached to the Journal of the Day. (Source: https://www.gov.uk/)
18 Nov 21. UAE, Israel to jointly develop unmanned military, commercial vessels. Emirati and Israeli state-owned weapons makers on Thursday signed a strategic agreement in Dubai to jointly design unmanned vessels capable of carrying out anti-submarine warfare. United Arab Emirates defence conglomerate EDGE and Israel Aerospace Industries (IAI) announced the partnership on the final day of the biennial Dubai Airshow. In a joint statement, the firms said they would design the “170 M” advanced modular unmanned service vessels that would be able to be used for both military and commercial purposes. The deal comes after the UAE and Israel last year established diplomatic ties under a deal where the United States also agreed to sell F-35 warplanes to Abu Dhabi. Aerospace and defence company IAI in March said it would jointly develop an advanced drone defense system with EDGE. The Emirati-Israeli unmanned vessels would be able to operate semi- and fully autonomously and carry out missions including submarine detection and anti-submarine warfare.
“These developments will open many doors for us in local and global markets, military and commercial alike,” EDGE Chief Executive Faisal Al Bannai said in the statement.
It would also be able be used for intelligence, surveillance, reconnaissance, mine detection and sweeping, and as a deployment platform for certain types of aircraft.
Commercially, it would be able to be customised for oil and gas exploration among several other capabilities.
Abu Dhabi Ship Building (ADSB) will design the platform and integrate the control systems and payload, while IAI will develop the autonomous control system and integrate payloads to it.
The statement did not say how much capital had been committed to the project, or when it would enter production. (Source: Reuters)
18 Nov 21. Taiwan commissions advanced new F-16s as China threat grows. Taiwan President Tsai Ing-wen lauded military cooperation with Washington on Thursday as she commissioned the first combat wing of F-16 fighters upgraded with U.S. help to bolster the island’s defences during rising tensions between Taipei and Beijing. Frequent Chinese and U.S. military exercises in the region have raised fears of conflict touched off by a crisis over democratically-ruled Taiwan, which Beijing claims as its own territory.
Tsai told a ceremony at an air base in the southern Taiwanese city of Chiayi to unveil the first squadron of its most advanced F-16s, the F-16V, that the project showed the firm commitment of the Taiwan-U.S. partnership.
“I believe that as long as we adhere to the values of democracy and freedom, there will be more like-minded countries standing on the same front with us,” she said, speaking on the same stage as the top U.S. diplomat in Taiwan, Sandra Oudkirk.
The United States has no official diplomatic ties with Taiwan but is the island’s main international backer and arms supplier, to Beijing’s fury.
The T$110bn ($3.96bn) F-16 upgrade is led by manufacturer Lockheed Martin Corp (LMT.N) and Taiwan’s Aerospace Industrial Development Corp (AIDC), and is the latest example of military cooperation between Washington and Taipei. Taiwan has been converting 141 F-16A/B jets into the F-16V type, 64 of which have already been upgraded, and has additionally ordered 66 new F-16Vs, which have new avionics, weapons and radar systems to better face down the Chinese air force, including its J-20 stealth fighter. The F-16Vs can carry Raytheon Technologies Corp’s (RTX.N) advanced AIM-9X Sidewinder air-to-air missiles. To a backdrop of dance music broadcast over the air base, the F-16s showed off their metal with combat take offs and landings, and flying low in formation above the runway. Tsai said that as more F-16Vs entered service, Taiwan’s defences would be “even stronger”. Taiwan’s air force is well trained but dwarfed by China’s. The United States in 2019 approved an $8bn sale of F-16 fighter jets to Taiwan, a deal that would take the island’s F-16 fleet to more than 200 jets, the largest in Asia. China has announced sanctions on Lockheed Martin for selling arms to Taiwan. (Source: Reuters)
16 Nov 21. Joint statement by Defence Secretary Ben Wallace and Ukraine Defence Minister Oleksii Yuriyovych Reznikov. A joint statement during the visit of Defence Secretary Ben Wallace to Ukraine on 16 November 2021. Secretary of State for Defence, the Right Honourable Ben Wallace MP and Ukraine Defence Minister Oleksii Yuriyovych Reznikov said: “Ukraine and the United Kingdom are strategic partners in security and defence. Last week, an Intergovernmental Framework Agreement was signed in London. This document continues progress on joint projects to develop the capabilities of the Naval Forces of the Armed Forces of Ukraine, as agreed in June when the UK, Ukraine and industry signed a Memorandum of Implementation to collaborate to boost Ukraine’s naval capabilities. Today’s meeting is the next stage in bilateral cooperation for enhancing Ukraine’s defence capabilities and increasing interoperability. Our governments have no desire to be adversarial, or seek in any way to strategically encircle or undermine the Russian Federation. We are concerned by Russia’s military build-up and activity around the borders of Ukraine. Ukraine’s national sovereignty and territorial integrity is indisputable. The United Kingdom stands shoulder to shoulder with the people of Ukraine and will continue its long-standing determination to support them. We are unwavering in that support and together we remain vigilant and united in the defence of our common values and freedoms. “(Source: https://www.gov.uk/)
16 Nov 21. China Remains ‘Pacing Challenge’ for U.S., Pentagon Press Secretary Says. The secretary of defense believes that China is a pacing challenge for the Defense Department, the Pentagon Press Secretary John F. Kirby said during a news conference today. Although China is developing capabilities that could potentially threaten the security and stability of neighboring nations in the region and globally, the department views that nation as a pacing challenge, not a pacing threat, he said. The department’s response has been to strengthen regional and global alliances and partnerships.
“Competition does not necessarily have to mean conflict and we’re not chasing conflict. In fact, we’d like nothing more than to be able to deter any conflict or miscalculation,” Kirby said.
On Thursday, Secretary of Defense Lloyd J. Austin III will visit Bahrain and the United Arab Emirates, Kirby said.
“We affirm the U.S. resolve to advance and strengthen enduring defense partnerships and our commitment to longstanding U.S. leadership in strengthening regional security and stability,” he said.
Regarding the secretary of defense’s authority to require COVID-19 vaccinations for the National Guard, Kirby said that Austin has the authority to do so.
“He needs, obviously, to set mission requirements for defending the nation and the vaccine mandate is within those authorities. It’s the right thing to do, for each individual member as well as their units and their families. It’s the right thing to do. A vaccinated force is a more ready force, ready to meet the demands that the nation puts on them,” he said.
Regarding the Russian troop buildup along the region of Ukraine, Kirby said he hopes that the Russians will be more transparent about their intentions. (Source: US DoD)
16 Nov 21. India removes Leonardo from list of banned companies. India on Friday lifted a ban on the Italian firm Leonardo from doing business with the Ministry of Defence. The names of Leonardo S.p.A. and its subsidiary AgustaWestland International UK were dropped from the list of entities restricted from dealing with the ministry, an MoD official said. AgustaWestland, however, no longer exists as a separate entity, having been completely wrapped up into Leonardo. The Italian defense company can now resume business activities with the ministry on the condition that it doesn’t make monetary claims for previously signed agreements. The MoD official said the suspension was lifted on the grounds of operational urgency and because of a lack of available alternatives for procuring 127mm naval guns and heavy-weight torpedoes. In 2014, the MoD canceled a €546m (U.S. $624m) contract signed four years earlier with AgustaWestland International UK, a subsidiary of the erstwhile Italian company Finmeccanica for the purchase of 12 AW-101 VVIP helicopters, over charges of corruption. Leonardo and all its business units were suspended from defense-related business in India for 10 years in 2015, although it has only been about six years. Leonardo executives were unavailable for comment. The suspension virtually blocked the supply of much-need weapons, including 127mm naval guns, Black Shark torpedoes for the Scorpene submarine and a midlife upgrade of more than 20 Sea King naval helicopters, harming the Indian Navy’s operational readiness, a senior service official said. Independent defense industry analyst and retired Navy Commodore Mukesh Bhargava said the suspension restricted India’s options for foreign original equipment manufacturers from which the MoD could do business. In some instances, Leonardo or its business units were the preferred or sole qualified supplier, Bhargava added. The lifting of the suspension will help Indian companies conclude negotiations with Leonardo for the transfer of technology for both existing and planned defense programs, the former naval officer said. (Source: Defense News)
16 Nov 21. Troop build-up shows Putin views Ukraine as ‘unfinished business.’ Russia’s leader is worried Kyiv might try to retake Donbass region. Last spring, US officials thought they had helped prevent a major geopolitical flare-up when Russia’s President Vladimir Putin ordered tens of thousands of troops he had massed near the Ukrainian border from as far as Siberia to stand down. In recent weeks, however, it has become clear that much of the Russian forces had remained within striking distance of the Ukrainian border and had resumed their build-up, amid undisclosed additional intelligence that would support the assumption Moscow is planning an invasion, western officials say. US intelligence assessments suggest a “high probability” that Russia may be planning another military aggression on the country, according to Ukraine’s deputy defence minister. While Ukraine and other western allies have yet to reach a definitive conclusion, Washington’s warning has raised the level of alert to its highest since 2014, when Russia annexed the Crimean peninsula from Kyiv. The resurgent risk of military invasion in the heart of Europe underlines the failure of diplomatic Franco-German efforts under the so-called Normandy format to find a peaceful solution to the conflict that has been raging in eastern Ukraine over the past seven years. “It’s become clear in the last half-year that there won’t be any more negotiations according to the old models,” said Fyodor Lukyanov, a Russian foreign policy analyst and adviser to the Kremlin. “If those formats disappear, then a legal vacuum appears amid a serious, unresolved conflict which carries high risks that direct clashes might resume.” Ukraine says Russia is massing as many as 114,000 troops to the north, east, and south of the Donbass, a mostly Russian-speaking region where Russian-backed separatists have fought government forces since a pro-western revolution in Kyiv in 2014. More than 14,000 people have died in the conflict despite a 2015 peace agreement struck in the Belarusian capital, Minsk, between Putin and the then leaders of Ukraine, France and Germany. Russia denies it is a party to the conflict but has provided the separatists with troops, equipment, and logistical support throughout and continues to lead their forces, according to western governments. The renewed tensions are threatening to scupper an outreach between the US and Russia that began when US President Joe Biden told Putin to stand back from the Ukrainian border in April, culminating in the two leaders’ meeting in Geneva in June.
Since then, the two countries have held closed-door meetings where they have made tentative progress on issues including nuclear arms control, Iran’s nuclear ambitions and cyber security, according to people briefed on the talks in Moscow and Washington. Tensions over Ukraine are threatening to erase whatever gains have been achieved. “If renewed Russian military intervention in Ukraine were to happen, God forbid, most of the Biden team’s efforts to stabilise US-Russian relations would go out the window,” said Andrew Weiss, a vice-president at the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace and former Russia director at the US National Security Council. Putin told state television at the weekend that Moscow was concerned about unannounced Nato drills in the Black Sea, which he said presented a “serious challenge” for Russia. Moscow is also concerned that the Ukrainian military may be planning to retake Donbass. The once-ragtag force that failed to repel a vastly superior Russian-led contingent in the early years of the war has made major technological advances thanks to western support. In particular, Putin has protested against Ukraine’s acquisition of Bayraktar drones from Turkey, which have helped inflict battlefield defeats on its allies in Syria, Libya, and Nagorno-Karabakh. Russia has complained about criminal charges brought by Ukrainian authorities against pro-Russian politician Viktor Medvedchuk.
“Putin’s obsession with Ukraine reflects the fact this is important unfinished business for him,” Weiss said. “And he surely has registered on the fact that Ukraine looks more and more like a Nato aircraft carrier park just outside the Russian heartland. He also understands that the West is continuing to pour money and resources into the upgrading of Ukraine’s military, intelligence, cyber, and political subversion capabilities and has no intention of putting those efforts on hold simply to mollify Russian concerns.” Underpinning Moscow’s hostility is a sense that negotiations with Ukraine under President Volodymyr Zelensky have reached a dead end. Putin and his senior officials have claimed that Kyiv had become so subservient to US influence as to make talks worthless. Meanwhile, the Kremlin has made it clear that Ukraine’s centuries of imperial and cultural ties to Russia made the issue existential. In July, Putin wrote a 5,000-word article about the “historical unity” of the two countries in which he cast aspersions on Ukraine’s borders and said Moscow would never let it become an “anti-Russia”. “Putin doesn’t think Ukraine’s a country — it’s a territory under external management by foreign forces,” said Tatiana Stanovaya, founder of political consultancy R. Politik. “He thinks you need to talk to the Americans so they recognise Ukraine as a Russian zone of influence and let us do whatever we deem necessary there.” However, as long as Ukraine remains a higher priority for the Kremlin than for the White House, Russia appears prepared to escalate more than the US can do in response. “There’s no appetite to take the Kremlin on because that requires a significant investment in time and resources and they would rather be using those resources on the China challenge,” said Andrea Kendall-Taylor, a former senior US intelligence officer. “The White House is trying to create time and space to see where talks can go. But the pressure is slowly mounting, and my sense is in this [diplomatic] mix of engagement and confrontation they need to skew more towards confrontation.” (Source: FT.com)
15 Nov 21. Ukraine warned of ‘high probability’ of Russian military escalation this winter. Kyiv’s deputy defence minister tells FT western intelligence not just based on troop surge at border. Western intelligence suggests a “high probability of destabilisation” of Ukraine by Russia as soon as this winter after Moscow massed more than 90,000 troops at its border, according to Kyiv’s deputy defence minister. Hanna Maliar told the Financial Times at the weekend that while interpretations of western intelligence “need further discussion”, they underlined “the high probability of escalation of the situation”. When asked if the risk of Russian military aggression was higher than during the past years, she said: “Information of our [military intelligence services] coincides with the information of partner countries about the high probability of destabilisation of the situation in Ukraine this winter.” Maliar added that allies’ conclusions were “based not only on information about the number of Russian troops along the Ukrainian border”, suggesting Washington had additional intelligence about Russian leader Vladimir Putin’s intentions. The US briefed allies last week about intelligence indicating that Moscow was preparing for a possible invasion of Ukraine. Russia’s president has dismissed the fears as “alarmist” and accused Nato of inflaming tensions in the region with its own unplanned exercises. The Russian troop build-up had been occurring near the breakaway Donbass region in Ukraine’s east, where two Moscow-backed enclaves had fought a proxy war with Kyiv since 2014, as well as in other areas to Ukraine’s north-east and the annexed Crimean peninsula, Maliar said. Kyiv estimates Russia has deployed as many as 114,000 forces to the north, east, and south of Ukraine — including about 92,000 ground soldiers and the rest in air and sea military forces, Kyrylo Budanov, chief of Ukraine’s military intelligence, told the FT.
Washington had yet to form a view of Putin’s intentions with the troop surge, based on differing assessments of the Russian threat to Ukraine, said people briefed on the discussions. But the US fears the latest movements are more serious than similar movements in the spring when Moscow massed similar numbers on the border as part of what it said was an unplanned exercise. Putin told state television at the weekend that Moscow was concerned about unannounced Nato drills in the Black Sea involving a “powerful naval group” and planes carrying strategic nuclear weapons, which he said presented a “serious challenge” for Russia. Putin said he had warned his defence ministry away from conducting its own unplanned drills in the region and limited it to accompanying Nato planes and ships because “there’s no need to aggravate the situation further”. “You get the impression they just won’t let us let our guard down. Well, let them know that we’re not letting our guard down,” he added. US secretary of state Antony Blinken told reporters on Friday that the US feared a rerun of the early phase of the conflict after a pro-western revolution in Kyiv in 2014, when Russia annexed Crimea and fuelled a proxy separatist war in the Donbass region that had since claimed more than 14,000 lives. “[We] do know that we’ve seen in the past Russia mass forces on Ukraine’s borders, claim some kind of provocation by Ukraine and then invade and basically follow on through on something they were planning all along,” Blinken said. “That’s what they did in 2014. And so this raises real concerns about an effort to repeat what was done then,” which, he said, “would be a serious mistake.” Blinken also suggested that the border crisis in neighbouring Belarus over migrants seeking to cross the border into Poland was being used to distract from Russia’s activities on the border with Ukraine. Budanov of Ukraine’s military intelligence said Russian forces “demonstratively left their tanks, combat vehicles, and jet systems near our border” after large-scale joint military exercises with Belarus in September. “This can be seen as preparation for a large-scale invasion and as an attempt at psychological pressure,” he said.
Though Russia has always denied its involvement in the conflict, Moscow’s military intervened to support Ukrainian separatists with troops, logistics, and equipment, during the war’s active phase and continues to lead the separatist forces, according to the US and EU countries. Talks over ending the conflict under a 2015 peace plan in Minsk, struck with French and German mediation, have stalled largely over Russia’s refusal to return Ukraine control of its border and Kyiv’s reluctance to give the separatist factions autonomy in its constitution. France’s foreign ministry said this week that Russia had refused to have a ministerial-level meeting with Ukraine and Germany to discuss the peace process in the Donbass. In the interview at the weekend, Putin also complained about Ukraine’s use of Turkish-made drones — which were critical in Azerbaijan’s victory in Nagorno-Karabakh last year — in a skirmish in the Donbass, which he said violated its obligations under the treaty. “But nobody is even reacting to this [ . . .] Europe mumbled something and the US actually supported it. And officials in Ukraine are openly saying they used them and will use them again.” Even if Russia does not invade, border troop movements are destabilising, according to a European official. “The constant pressure by Russia is making it as difficult as possible for Ukraine to develop and strengthen as a country,” the official said. (Source: FT.com)
15 Nov 21. India targets increased investment in defence corridors. The Indian Ministry of Defence (MoD) is looking to introduce a scheme to incentivise investments in its two new defence industry corridors, Indian Defence Minister Rajnath Singh has announced. Singh referenced the potential policies on 12 November at an event to mark the development of two new industrial facilities in the northern corridor in Uttar Pradesh.
According to Singh, the Indian government is “considering a centrally sponsored scheme” to promote investment in the corridors in Uttar Pradesh and the southern state of Tamil Nadu, in line with a wider objective to develop India’s defence industry ecosystem.
The scheme is expected to offer defence investors in the corridors with sweeteners such as tax relief and other benefits. The two corridors were announced by the government in February 2018.
Highlighting opportunities for local investors, Singh also inaugurated on 12 November what the MoD said is the “first operationalised private sector defence manufacturing facility” in the Uttar Pradesh corridor.
The facility – based in Lucknow – is operated by Aerolloy Technologies, a subsidiary of PTC Industries, and is focused on producing components for military platforms, which include aircraft and submarines.
Singh also laid the foundation stone for a new defence metals manufacturing facility, also run by PTC Industries. The MoD said the facility will produce raw materials for titanium and other alloys used in defence and aerospace manufacturing.
Under India’s foreign direct investment (FDI) rules, foreign companies can invest 74% in a local defence company without government approvals. Up to 100% is permitted with government approvals. As of June 2021, total FDI in India’s defence sector is INR615.3m (USD8.3m), according to government statistics. (Source: Google/Janes)
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